ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Degradation of Diclofenac Sodium under Solar Light Irradiation by Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO and V2O5
Pharmaceutical pollutants are one of the most important issues of modern life and their negative effects on the environment and human health are undeniable. In the present work, the effectiveness of the photocatalytic process was studied by two semiconductors (ZnO and V2O5) in order to remove the Diclofenac Sodium completely under solar irradiation. The study examined the impact of parameters such as the high-level range concentration of pharmaceutical, catalyst dosage, pH changes and time on the photodegradation of Diclofenac Sodium in aqueous solution. All the experiments were carried out under solar and UV irradiation to compare between the two circumstances. The optimum conditions obtained for photodegradation of Diclofenac Sodium were: reaction time 180 min, zinc oxide and vanadium pentoxide = 1 g L-1, Diclofenac Sodium concentration = 300 mg L-1 and pH = 4. In addition, chemical oxygen demand removal was investigated for all the conditions and total degradation was observed by V2O5 under optimum conditions. The study of reaction kinetics was carried out at optimum conditions and approximately a pseudo-first order kinetic model was in agreement with experimental results in each case.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80680_769c6dbf27cb5c82506a20ea5542a028.pdf
2018-11-01
1
16
Photocatalysis
Pharmaceutical Active Ingredient
Wastewater Treatment
Solar energy
M.
Baniamer
maryam.baniamer07@yahoo.com
1
Catalyst Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department., Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Almasi
aalmasi@kums.ac.ir
2
Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Public Health School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah Iran
AUTHOR
Sh.
Sharifnia
sharif@razi.ac.ir
3
Catalyst Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department., Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Radosavljević, K. D., Lović, J. D., Mijin, D. Ž., Petrović, S. D., Jadranin, M. B., Mladenović, A. R. and Ivić, M. L. A., “Degradation of azithromycin using Ti/RuO2 anode as catalyst followed by DPV, HPLC–UV and MS analysis”, Chemical Papers, 1 (2017).
1
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3
[4] Bort, R., Ponsoda, X., Jover, R., Gómez-Lechón, M. J. and Castell, J. V., “Diclofenac toxicity to hepatocytes: A role for drug metabolism in cell toxicity”, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288 (1), 65 (1999).
4
[5] Artmann, J., Bartels, P., Mau, U., Witter, M., Tumpling, W. V., Hofmann, J. and Nietzschmann, E., “Degradation of the drug diclofenac in water by sonolysis in presence of catalysts”, Chemosphere, 70 (3), 453 (2008).
5
[6] Oaks, J. L., Gilbert, M., Virani, M. Z. and Watson, R. T., “Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan”, Nature, 427 (6975), 630 (2004).
6
[7] Taggart, M., Senacha, K., Green, R., Jhala, Y., Raghavan, B., Rahmani, A., Cuthbert, R., Pain, D. and Meharg, A., “Diclofenac residues in carcasses of domestic ungulates available to vultures in India”, Environment International, 33 (6), 759 (2007).
7
[8] Takáčová, A., Mackluľak, T., Smolinská, M., Hutňan, M. and Olejníková, P., “Influence of selected biowaste materials pre-treatment on their anaerobic digestion”, Chemical Papers, 66 (2), 129 (2012).
8
[9] Pasquini, L., Munoz, J.-F., Rimlinger, N., Dauchy, X., France, X., Pons, M.-N. and Görner, T., “Assessment of the fate of some household micropollutants in urban wastewater treatment plant”, Chemical Papers, 67 (6), 601 (2013).
9
[10] Nakada, N., Shinohara, H., Murata, A., Kiri, K., Managaki, S., Sato, N. and Takada, H., “Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant”, Water Research, 41 (19), 4373 (2007).
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[11] Grover, D., Zhou, J., Frickers, P. and Readman, J., “Improved removal of estrogenic and pharmaceutical compounds in sewage effluent by full scale granular activated carbon: Impact on receiving river water”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2), 1005 (2011).
11
[12] Xue, W., Wu, C., Xiao, K., Huang, X., Zhou, H., Tsuno, H. and Tanaka, H., “Elimination and fate of selected micro-organic pollutants in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process combined with membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater reclamation”, Water Research, 44 (20), 5999 (2010).
12
[13] Esplugas, S., Bila, D. M., Krause, L. G. and Dezotti, M., “Ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water effluents”, J. Hazard. Mater., 149 (3), 631 (2007).
13
[14] Achilleos, A., Hapeshi, E., Xekoukoulotakis, N. P., Mantzavinos, D. and Fatta-Kassinos, D., “Factors affecting diclofenac decomposition in water by UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 161 (1-2), 53 (2010).
14
[15] Röhricht, M., Krisam, J., Weise, U., Kraus, U. R. and Düring, R.-A., “Elimination of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by submerged nanofiltration plate modules”, Desalination, 250 (3), 1025 (2010).
15
[16] Deegan, A., Shaik, B., Nolan, K., Urell, K., Oelgemöller, M., Tobin, J. and Morrissey, A., “Treatment options for wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical companies”, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 8 (3), 649 (2011).
16
[17] Bagal, M. V. and Gogate, P. R., “Degradation of diclofenac sodium using combined processes based on hydrodynamic cavitation and heterogeneous photocatalysis”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 21 (3), 1035 (2014).
17
[18] Madhavan, J., Kumar, P. S. S., Anandan, S., Zhou, M., Grieser, F. and Ashokkumar, M., “Ultrasound assisted photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in an aqueous environment”, Chemosphere, 80 (7), 747 (2010).
18
[19] Rizzo, L., Meric, S., Kassinos, D., Guida, M., Russo, F. and Belgiorno, V., “Degradation of diclofenac by TiO2 photocatalysis: UV absorbance kinetics and process evaluation through a set of toxicity bioassays”, Water Research, 43 (4), 979 (2009).
19
[20] Naddeo, V., Belgiorno, V., Kassinos, D., Mantzavinos, D. and Meric, S., “Ultrasonic degradation, mineralization and detoxification of diclofenac in water: Optimization of operating parameters”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 17 (1), 179 (2010).
20
[21] Mendez-Arriaga, F., Esplugas, S. and Gimenez, J., “Photocatalytic degradation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with TiO2 and simulated solar irradiation”, Water Res., 42 (3), 585 (2008).
21
[22] Pérez-Estrada, L., Maldonado, M., Gernjak, W., Agüera, A., Fernández-Alba, A., Ballesteros, M. and Malato, S., “Decomposition of diclofenac by solar driven photocatalysis at pilot plant scale”, Catalysis Today, 101 (3), 219 (2005).
22
[23] Federation, W. E. and Association, A. P. H., Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater,American Public Health Association (APHA), Washington D.C., USA, (2005).
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[24] Shavisi, Y., Sharifnia, S., Zendehzaban, M., Mirghavami, M. L. and Kakehazar, S., “Application of solar light for degradation of ammonia in petrochemical wastewater by a floating TiO2/LECA photocatalyst”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20 (5), 2806 (2014).
24
[25] Muthukumaran, S. and Gopalakrishnan, R., “Structural, FTIR and photoluminescence studies of Cu doped ZnO nanopowders by co-precipitation method”, Optical Materials, 34 (11), 1946 (2012).
25
[26] Wei, Y., Ryu, C.-W. and Kim, K.-B., “Improvement in electrochemical performance of V2O5 by Cu doping”, Journal of Power Sources, 165 (1), 386 (2007).
26
[27] Byrappa, K., Dayananda, A., Sajan, C., Basavalingu, B., Shayan, M., Soga, K. and Yoshimura, M., “Hydrothermal preparation of ZnO: CNT and TiO2: CNT composites and their photocatalytic applications”, Journal of Materials Science, 43 (7), 2348 (2008).
27
[28] Liu, Y., Lu, Y., Liu, S. and Yin, Y., “The effects of microwaves on the catalyst preparation and the oxidation of o-xylene over a V2O5/SiO2 system”, Catal. Today, 51 (1), 147 (1999).
28
[29] Samaha, M., Merabet, S., Bouguerra, M., Bouhelassa, M., Ouhenia, S. and Bouzaza, A., “Photo-oxidation process of indole in aqueous solution with ZnO catalyst: Study and optimization”, Kinet. Catal., 52 (1), 34 (2011).
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Pb (II) From Wastewater Using Henna; Optimization of Operational Conditions
At this work, removal of Pb (II) using Lawsonia inermis (Henna) was studied. In recent years, use of low price adsorbent is taken into consideration. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch system at ambient temperature (25℃). The influence of some parameters such as time, initial metal concentration, pH and adsorbent dose were investigated. The optimum conditions was obtained at pH of 6, 10 ppm of initial metal concentration, 80 min of contact time and 0.75 g/L of adsorbent dose. To study the adsorbent morphology, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used before and after adsorption of Pb (II) ions. Sorption of Pb (II) was evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The results indicate that the Freundlich isotherm model is better described the adsorption of Pb (II) than Langmuir isotherm model. Also, it is observed that, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fitted to experimental data .
https://www.ijche.com/article_80761_f0a217edff641fd951358aa04e98cdb6.pdf
2018-11-01
17
26
Adsorption
Pb (II)
Henna
Langmuir
Freundlich
Pseudo first-order kinetics model
Pseudo-second-order kinetics model
M.
Shafiee
shafiee@jsu.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Akbari
a.akbari7293@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Ghiassimehr
baharan.moghaddam@yahoo.com
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Brooks, R. M., Bahadory, M., Tovia, F. and Rostami, H., “Removal of lead from contaminated water”, International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water, 3 (2), 14 (2010).
1
[2] Deng, Y., Gao, Z., Liu, B., Hu, X., Wei, Z. and Sun, C., “Selective removal of lead from aqueous solutions by ethylenediamine modified Attapulgite”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 223, 91 (2013).
2
[3] Wang, Z., Liu, G., Zheng, H., Li, F., Ngo, H. H., Guo, W. and Xing, B., “Investigating the mechanisms of biochar’s removal of lead from solution”, Bioresour. Technol., 177, 308 (2015).
3
[4] Moslehi, P., Shayegan, J. and Bahrpayma, S., “Performance of membrane bioreactor in removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 5 (4), 33 (2008).
4
[5] Ge, F., Li, M. M., Ye, H. and Zhao, B. X., “Effective removal of heavy metal ions Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ from aqueous solution by polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 211–212, 366 (2012).
5
[6] Delavar, M., Hosseini, M. and Bakeri, Gh., “Fabrication and characterization of polycarbonate/titanium oxide nanotubes mixed matrix membranes for efficient removal of cadmium and copper from aqueous solution”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14 (2), 59 (2017).
6
[7] Eren, E., Afsin, B. and Onal, Y., “Removal of lead ions by acid activated and manganese oxide-coated bentonite”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 677 (2009).
7
[8] Ghasemi, M., Ghoreyshi, A. A., Younesi, H. and Khoshhal, S., “Synthesis of a high characteristics activated carbon from walnut shell for the removal of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) from aqueous solution: Single and binary solutes adsorption”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 12 (4), 28 (2015).
8
[9] Nam, S. W., Choi, D. J., Kim, S. K., Her, N. and Zoh, K. D., “Adsorption characteristics of selected hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants in water using activated carbon”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 270, 144 (2014).
9
[10] Zeinali, F., Ghoreyshi, A. A. and Najafpour, G., “Adsorption of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solution by granular activated carbon (GAC) in batch system”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 8 (4), 50 (2011).
10
[11] Malik, P. K., “Dye removal from wastewater using activated carbon developed from sawdust: Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 113 (1–3), 81 (2004).
11
[12] Annadurai, G., Juang, R. S. and Lee, D. J., “Adsorption of heavy metals from water using banana and orange peels”, Water Science and Technology, 47 (1), 185 (2003).
12
[13] Kumar, A. and Kumar, V., “Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of Cd (II) biosorption by chemically modified orange peel”, Journal of Environmental Biology, 37 (2), 201 (2016).
13
[14] Tadepalli, S., Murthy, K. S. R. and Rakesh, N. N., “Removal of Cu (II) and Fe (II) from Industrial waste water using orange peel as adsorbent in batch mode operation”, International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, 9 (5), 290 (2016).
14
[15] Hamdaoui, O., “Removal of cadmium from aqueous medium under ultrasound assistance using olive leaves as sorbent”, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 48, 1157 (2009).
15
[16] Ibrahima, T. H., Sabria, M. A., Khamisb, M. I., Elsayedb, Y. A., Sarab, Z. and Hafeza, B., “Produced water treatment using olive leaves”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 60, 129 (2017).
16
[17] Senthil Kumar, P., Gayathri, R. and Prabhu Arunkumar, R., “Adsorption of Fe(III) ions from aqueous solution by bengal gram husk powder: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic approach”, Electronic J. of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 9 (6), 1047 (2010).
17
[18] Pandey, G., “Removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution using Bengal gram husk as a biosorbent”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57 (16), 7270 (2016).
18
[19] Bhatia, A. K. and Khan, F., “Biosorptive removal of copper (II) ion from aqueous solution using lawsonia inermis plant leaf biomass”, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 5 (5), 21 (2015).
19
[20] Pyrzyńska, K. and Bystrzejewski, M., “Comparative study of heavy metal ions sorption onto activated carbon,carbon nanotubes, and carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles”, Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 362 (1-3), 102 (2010).
20
[21] Fu, R., Liu, Y., Lou, Z., Wang, Z., Baig, S. A. and Xu, X., “Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) by magnetic activated carbon incorporated with amino groups from aqueous solutions”, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 62, 247 (2016).
21
[22] Manzoor, Q., Nadeem, R., Iqbal, M., Saeed, R. and Ansari, T. M., “Organic acids pretreatment effect on Rosa bourbonia phyto-biomass for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous media”, Bioresource Technology, 132, 446 (2013).
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of solvothermally synthesized ZIF-67 metal organic framework and its application for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution
In this study, ZIF-67 was synthesized through solvothermal method to remove Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. To improve the structural properties of ZIF-67 and its adsorption capacity, optimization of the synthesis conditions was carried out based on maximum Cr(VI) uptake. From experiments, the optimum condition was revealed as solvent: metal ion molar ratio of 4.6:1, ligand: metal ion molar ratio of 318:1 and temperature of 23℃. The physio-chemical properties of as-synthesized ZIF-67 were investigated by BET, XRD, FTIR and FESEM analyses. Effect of adsorption pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time on adsorption process was investigated. Based on the results, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was 26.27 mg/g which was obtained at 35℃, pH= 5, adsorbent dosage of 3 g/l and initial concentration of 107.82 mg/l. The equilibrium time for Cr(VI) adsorption varied from 180 min for low initial concentration of 9 mg/L to 240 min for a high initial concentration of 90 mg/L. For the synthesized ZIF-67, maximum uptake capacity was reported 26.27 mg/g at initial concentration of 107.82 mg/l. The equilibrium data were described better by Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model than the other models at three different temperatures. Pseudo-second-order model fitted the experimental data better than pseudo-first-order one. Adsorption thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The regenerability of ZIF-67 was also studied in three sequential cycles and the Cr(VI) adsorption was almost retained after two cycles.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80763_38f8984f5cf6dc0eb8055c4791ce6357.pdf
2018-11-01
27
47
Adsorption
Cr(VI)
ZIF-67
Solvothermal
Regeneration
N.
Mostafazadeh
neda_memarzadeh@hotmail.com
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
A.A.
Ghoreyshi
aa_ghoreyshi@nit.ac.ir
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Pirzadeh
kasra_eco@yahoo.com
3
Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Kano, N., Tanabe, K., Pang, M., Deng, Y. and Imaizumi, H., “Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solution using chitosan”, J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 8, 1049 (2014).
1
[2] Dai, J., Ren, F. and Tao, C., “Adsorption of Cr (VI) and speciation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) in aqueous solutions using chemically modified chitosan”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9 (5), 1757 (2012).
2
[3] Arenas, L. T., Lima, E. C., dos Santos, A. A., Vaghetti, J. C., Costa, T. M. and Benvenutti, E. V., “Use of statistical design of experiments to evaluate the sorption capacity of 1, 4-diazoniabicycle [2.2. 2] octane/silica chloride for Cr (VI) adsorption”, Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 297 (1), 240 (2007).
3
[4] Khedr, S., Shouman, M., Fathy, N. and Attia, A., “Effect of physical and chemical activation on the removal of hexavalent chromium ions using palm tree branches”, ISRN Environmental Chemistry, (2014).
4
[5] Chen, J., Hong, X., Zhao, Y. and Zhang, Q., “Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using exfoliated polyaniline/montmorillonite composite”, Water Science and Technology, 70 (4), 678 (2014).
5
[6] Khosravi, R., Fazlzadehdavil, M., Barikbin, B. and Taghizadeh, A. A., “Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution by granular and powdered Peganum Harmala”, Applied Surface Science, 292, 670 (2014).
6
[7] Teng, H., Xu, S., Zhao, C., Lv, F. and Liu, H., “Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by sodium dodecyl sulfate stabilized nano zero-valent iron: A kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics study”, Separation Science and Technology, 48 (11), 1729 (2013).
7
[8] Li, X., Gao, X., Ai, L. and Jiang, J., “Mechanistic insight into the interaction and adsorption of Cr (VI) with zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 microcrystals from aqueous solution”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 274, 238 (2015).
8
[9] Gheju, M. and Balcu, I., “Removal of chromium from Cr (VI) polluted wastewaters by reduction with scrap iron and subsequent precipitation of resulted cations”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 196, 131 (2011).
9
[10] Zhao, S., Chen, Z., Shen, J., Qu, Y., Wang, B. and Wang, X., “Enhanced Cr (VI) removal based on reduction-coagulation-precipitation by NaBH4 combined with fly ash leachate as a catalyst”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 322, 646 (2017).
10
[11] Mamais, D., Noutsopoulos, C., Kavallari, I., Nyktari, E., Kaldis, A., Panousi, E., Nikitopoulos, G., Antoniou, K. and Nasioka, M., “Biological groundwater treatment for chromium removal at low hexavalent chromium concentrations”, Chemosphere, 152, 238 (2016).
11
[12] Yang, R., Aubrecht, K. B., Ma, H., Wang, R., Grubbs, R. B., Hsiao, B. S. and Chu, B., “Thiol-modified cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes for chromium (VI) and lead (II) adsorption”, Polymer, 55 (5), 1167 (2014).
12
[13] Zhang, Y., Yu, L., Wu, D., Huang, L., Zhou, P., Quan, X. and Chen, G., “Dependency of simultaneous Cr (VI), Cu (II) and Cd (II) reduction on the cathodes of microbial electrolysis cells self-driven by microbial fuel cells”, Journal of Power Sources, 273, 1103-1113 (2015).
13
[14] Rafati, L., Mahvi, A., Asgari, A. and Hosseini, S., “Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using Lewatit FO36 nano ion exchange resin”, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7 (1), 147 (2010).
14
[15] Vaiopoulou, E. and Gikas, P., “Effects of chromium on activated sludge and on the performance of wastewater treatment plants: A review”, Water Research, 46 (3), 549 (2012).
15
[16] Uysal, M. and Ar, I., “Removal of Cr (VI) from industrial wastewaters by adsorption, Part I: Determination of optimum conditions”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149 (2), 482 (2007).
16
[17] Rowsell, J. L., Spencer, E. C., Eckert, J., Howard, J. A. and Yaghi, O. M., “Gas adsorption sites in a large-pore metal-organic framework”, Science, 309 (5739), 1350 (2005).
17
[18] Haque, E., Jun, J. W. and Jhung, S. H., “Adsorptive removal of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution with a metal-organic framework material, iron terephthalate (MOF-235)”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (1), 507 (2011).
18
[19] Yang, D. -A., Cho, H. -Y., Kim, J., Yang, S. –T. and Ahn, W. –S., “CO2 capture and conversion using Mg-MOF-74 prepared by a sonochemical method”, Energy & Environmental Science, 5 (4), 6465 (2012).
19
[20] Kim, J., Kim, S. –N., Jang, H. –G., Seo, G. and Ahn, W. –S., “CO2 cycloaddition of styrene oxide over MOF catalysts”, Applied Catalysis, A: General, 453, 175 (2013).
20
[21] Rocha, J., Carlos, L. D., Paz, F. A. A. and Ananias, D., “Luminescent multifunctional lanthanides-based metal-organic frameworks”, Chemical Society Reviews, 40 (2), 926 (2011).
21
[22] Achmann, S., Hagen, G., Kita, J., Malkowsky, I. M., Kiener, C. and Moos, R., “Metal-organic frameworks for sensing applications in the gas phase”, Sensors, 9 (3), 1574 (2009).
22
[23] Humphrey, S. M. and Wood, P. T., “Multiple areas of magnetic bistability in the topological ferrimagnet [Co3(NC5H3(CO2)2-2,5)2(μ3-OH)2(OH2)2] ”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126 (41), 13236 (2004).
23
[24] Horcajada, P., Chalati, T., Serre, C., Gillet, B., Sebrie, C., Baati, T., Eubank, J. F., Heurtaux, D., Clayette, P. and Kreuz, C., “Porous metal-organic-framework nanoscale carriers as a potential platform for drug delivery and imaging”, Nature Materials, 9 (2), 172 (2010).
24
[25] Bakhtiari, N. and Azizian, S., “Adsorption of copper ion from aqueous solution by nanoporous MOF-5: A kinetic and equilibrium study”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 206, 114 (2015).
25
[26] Bertke, J. A., “Synthesis and characterization of coordination polymers and studies for carbon dioxide capture”, University of Notre Dame, (2012).
26
[27] Rowsell, J. L. and Yaghi, O. M., “Metal-organic frameworks: A new class of porous materials”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 73 (1), 3 (2004).
27
[28] McKinstry, C., Cathcart, R. J., Cussen, E. J., Fletcher, A. J., Patwardhan, S. V. and Sefcik, J., “Scalable continuous solvothermal synthesis of metal organic framework (MOF-5) crystals”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 285, 718 (2016).
28
[29] Qian, J., Sun, F. and Qin, L., “Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals”, Materials Letters, 82, 220 (2012).
29
[30] Liu, Y., Hu, J., Li, Y., Shang, Y. T., Wang, J. Q., Zhang, Y. and Wang, Z. L., “Microwave assisted synthesis of metal-organic framework MIL-101 nanocrystals as sorbent and pseudostationary phase in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of anthraquinones in environmental water samples”, Electrophoresis, (2017).
30
[31] Son, W. –J., Kim, J., Kim, J. and Ahn, W. –S., “Sonochemical synthesis of MOF-5”, Chemical Communications, 47, 6336 (2008).
31
[32] Pirzadeh, K., Ghoreyshi, A. A., Rahimnejad, M. and Mohammadi, M., “Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and application of a microstructure Cu3(BTC)2 metal organic framework for CO2 and CH4 separation”, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1 (2018).
32
[33] Yang, H., Orefuwa, S. and Goudy, A., “Study of mechanochemical synthesis in the formation of the metal-organic framework Cu3(BTC)2 for hydrogen storage”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 143 (1), 37 (2011).
33
[34] Lee, J., Farha, O. K., Roberts, J., Scheidt, K. A., Nguyen, S. T. and Hupp, J. T., “Metal-organic framework materials as catalysts”, Chemical Society Reviews, 38 (5), 1450 (2009).
34
[35] Moggach, S. A., Bennett, T. D. and Cheetham, A. K., “The Effect of Pressure on ZIF-8: Increasing pore size with pressure and the formation of a high-pressure phase at 1.47 GPa”, Angewandte Chemie, 121 (38), 7221 (2009).
35
[36] Fairen-Jimenez, D., Moggach, S., Wharmby, M., Wright, P., Parsons, S. and Duren, T., “Opening the gate: Framework flexibility in ZIF-8 explored by experiments and simulations”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 (23), 8900 (2011).
36
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38
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39
[40] Lai, L. S., Yeong, Y. F., Ani, N. C., Lau, K. K. and Shariff, A. M., “Effect of synthesis parameters on the formation of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles for CO2 adsorption”, Particulate Science and Technology, 32 (5), 520 (2014).
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41
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42
[43] Cravillon, J., Nayuk, R., Springer, S., Feldhoff, A., Huber, K. and Wiebcke, M., “Controlling zeolitic imidazolate framework nano-and microcrystal formation: Insight into crystal growth by time-resolved in situ static light scattering”, Chemistry of Materials, 23 (8), 2130 (2011).
43
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44
[45] Jiang, Z., Li, Z., Qin, Z., Sun, H., Jiao, X. and Chen, D., “LDH nanocages synthesized with MOF templates and their high performance as supercapacitors”, Nanoscale, 5 (23), 11770 (2013).
45
[46] Shao, J., Wan, Z., Liu, H., Zheng, H., Gao, T., Shen, M., Qu, Q. and Zheng, H., “Metal organic frameworks-derived Co3O4 hollow dodecahedrons with controllable interiors as outstanding anodes for Li storage”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, A, 2 (31), 12194 (2014).
46
[47] Torad, N. L., Hu, M., Kamachi, Y., Takai, K., Imura, M., Naito, M. and Yamauchi, Y., “Facile synthesis of nanoporous carbons with controlled particle sizes by direct carbonization of monodispersed ZIF-8 crystals”, Chemical Communications, 49 (25), 2521 (2013).
47
[48] Guo, X., Xing, T., Lou, Y. and Chen, J., “Controlling ZIF-67 crystals formation through various cobalt sources in aqueous solution”, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 235, 107 (2016).
48
[49] Shi, Z., Yu, Y., Fu, C., Wang, L. and Li, X., “Water-based synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for CO2 capture”, RSC Advances, 7 (46), 29227 (2017).
49
[50] Yan, X., Komarneni, S., Zhang, Z. and Yan, Z., “Extremely enhanced CO2 uptake by HKUST-1 metal-organic framework via a simple chemical treatment”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 183, 69 (2014).
50
[51] Khoshhal, S., Ghoreyshi, A. A., Jahanshahi, M. and Mohammadi, M., “Study of the temperature and solvent content effects on the structure of Cu–BTC metal organic framework for hydrogen storage”, RSC Advances, 5 (31), 24758 (2015).
51
[52] Biemmi, E., Christian, S., Stock, N. and Bein, T., “High-throughput screening of synthesis parameters in the formation of the metal-organic frameworks MOF-5 and HKUST-1”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 117 (1-2), 111 (2009).
52
[53] Xia, W., Zhu, J., Guo, W., An, L., Xia, D. and Zou, R., “Well-defined carbon polyhedrons prepared from nano metal-organic frameworks for oxygen reduction”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, A, 2 (30), 11606 (2014).
53
[54] Juan, Y. and Ke-Qiang, Q., “Preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation under vacuum”, Environmental Science & Technology, 43 (9), 3385 (2009).
54
[55] Qin, Q., Wang, Q., Fu, D. and Ma, J., “An efficient approach for Pb (II) and Cd (II) removal using manganese dioxide formed in situ”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 172 (1), 68 (2011).
55
[56] El-Ashtoukhy, E. -S., Amin, N. K. and Abdelwahab, O., “Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent”, Desalination, 223 (1-3), 162 (2008).
56
[57] Tandon, R., Crisp, P., Ellis, J. and Baker, R., “Effect of pH on chromium (VI) species in solution”, Talanta, 31 (3), 227 (1984).
57
[58] Gorzin, F. and Ghoreyshi, A. A., “Synthesis of a new low-cost activated carbon from activated sludge for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution: Equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption studies”, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 30 (8), 1594 (2013).
58
[59] Zhao, N., Wei, N., Li, J., Qiao, Z., Cui, J. and He, F., “Surface properties of chemically modified activated carbons for adsorption rate of Cr (VI)”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 115 (1), 133 (2005).
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[60] Giri, A. K., Patel, R. and Mandal, S., “Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes root biomass-derived activated carbon”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 185, 71 (2012).
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[61] Pirzadeh, K. and Ghoreyshi, A. A., “Phenol removal from aqueous phase by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from paper mill sludge”, Desalination and Water Treatment, 52 (34-36), 6505 (2014).
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[63] Yadav, S., Srivastava, V., Banerjee, S., Weng, C. -H. and Sharma, Y. C., “Adsorption characteristics of modified sand for the removal of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solutions: Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies”, Catena, 100, 120 (2013).
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[64] Jung, C., Heo, J., Han, J., Her, N., Lee, S. -J., Oh, J., Ryu, J. and Yoon, Y., “Hexavalent chromium removal by various adsorbents: Powdered activated carbon, chitosan, and single/multi-walled carbon nanotubes”, Separation and Purification Technology, 106, 63 (2013).
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[65] Deng, H., Yang, L., Tao, G. and Dai, J., “Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from cotton stalk by microwave assisted chemical activation: Application in methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166 (2), 1514 (2009).
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69
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Propionic acid extraction in a microfluidic system: simultaneous effects of channel diameter and fluid flow rate on the flow regime and mass transfer
In this work, extraction of propionic acid from the aqueous phase to the organic phase (1-octanol) was performed in T-junction microchannels and effects of channel diameter and fluid flow rate on the mass transfer characteristics were investigated. The two-phase flow patterns in studied microchannels with 0.4 and 0.8 mm diameters were observed. Weber number and surface-to-volume ratio were calculated for evaluating flow patterns. Moreover, the effect of volumetric flow rates on the extraction efficiency, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and pressure drop was examined. Results showed that the pressure drop in the microchannel with 0.4 mm diameter is 2-2.7 times higher than that in the microchannel with 0.8 mm diameter. In both microchannels, with increase in flow rate, the extraction efficiency first increases and then decreases. In addition, at high flow rates (2.4, 4.5 and 6 mL/min), the extraction efficiency in the microchannel with 0.8 mm diameter increased up to the range of 7-14.9 % compared with that in the microchannel with 0.4 mm diameter.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80765_4d2f1ed52702a74eb86c5198e9541c3b.pdf
2018-11-01
48
62
Extraction
propionic acid
microfluidic
Channel Diameter
F.
Hosseini
fardinhosseini.1370@gmail.com
1
CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Rahimi
masoudrahimi@yahoo.com
2
CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
O.
jafari
omidjafari0831@yahoo.com
3
CFD Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Yang, L., Zhao, Y., Su, Y. and Chen, G., “An experimental study of copper extraction characteristics in a T-junction microchannel”, Chem. Eng. Technol., 36 (6), 985 (2013).
1
[2] Mahjoob, M., Etemad, S. G. and Thibault, J., “Numerical study of non-Newtonian flow through rectangular microchannels”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 6 (4), 45 (2009).
2
[3] Almasvandi, M. and Rahimi, M., “Waste water ammonia stripping intensification using microfluidic system”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 14 (4), 17 (2017).
3
[4] Basiri, M., Rahimi, M. and Babaei, M. H., “Ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production in microreactors”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 13 (2), 22 (2016).
4
[5] Tang, J., Zhang, X., Cai, W. and Wang, F., “Liquid-liquid extraction based on droplet flow in a vertical microchannel”, Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci., 49, 185 (2013).
5
[6] Zhang, L., Xie, F., Li, S., Yin, S., Peng, J. and Ju, S., “Solvent extraction of Nd(III) in a Y type microchannel with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester”, Green Process Synthesis, 4 (1), (2015).
6
[7] Kashid, M. N., Gupta, A., Renken, A. and Kiwi-Minsker, L., “Numbering-up and mass transfer studies of liquid-liquid two-phase microstructured reactors”, Chem. Eng. J., 158 (2), 233 (2010).
7
[8] Dessimoz, A. -L., Cavin, L., Renken, A. and Kiwi-Minsker, L., “Liquid-liquid two-phase flow patterns and mass transfer characteristics in rectangular glass microreactors”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 63 (16), 4035 (2008).
8
[9] N. Kashid, M., Renken, A. and Kiwi-Minsker, L., “Influence of flow regime on mass transfer in different types of microchannels”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50 (11), 6906 (2011).
9
[10] Boogar, R. S., Gheshlaghi, R. and Mahdavi, M. A., “The effects of viscosity, surface tension, and flow rate on gasoil-water flow pattern in microchannels”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30 (1), 45 (2013).
10
[11] Coleman, J. W. and Garimella, S., “Characterization of two-phase flow patterns in small diameter round and rectangular tubes”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 42 (15), 2869 (1999).
11
[12] Basiri, M., Rahimi, M. and Mohammadi, F., “Investigation of liquid-liquid two-phase flow pattern in microreactors for biodiesel production”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 12 (3), 33 (2015).
12
[13] Plouffe, P., Roberge, D. M. and Macchi, A., “Liquid-liquid flow regimes and mass transfer in various micro-reactors”, Chem. Eng. J., 300, 9 (2016).
13
[14] Keshav, A., Wasewar, K. L. and Chand, S., “Extraction of propionic acid using different extractants (tri-n-butylphosphate, tri-n-octylamine, and Aliquat 336)”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47 (16), 6192 (2008).
14
[15] Aşçı, Y. S. and İnci, İ., “Extraction equilibria of propionic acid from aqueous solutions by Amberlite LA-2 in diluent solvents”, Chem. Eng. J., 155 (3), 784 (2009).
15
[16] Keshav, A., Wasewar, K. L. and Chand, S., “Extraction of propionic acid with tri-n-octyl amine in different diluents”, Sep. Purif. Technol., 63 (1), 179 (2008).
16
[17] Uslu, H., “Reactive extraction of formic acid by using Tri Octyl Amine (TOA) ”, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44 (8), 1784 (2009).
17
[18] Ghalami-Choobar, B., Ghanadzadeh, A. and Kousarimehr, S., “Salt effect on the liquid-liquid equilibrium of (water+ propionic acid+ cyclohexanol) system at T=(298.2, 303.2, and 308.2) K”, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 19 (4), 565 (2011).
18
[19] Dan, W., Hao, C., Jiang, L., Jin, C., Zhinan, X. and Peilin, C., “Efficient separation of butyric acid by an aqueous two-phase system with calcium chloride”, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 18 (4), 533 (2010).
19
[20] İnce, E. and Aşçı, Y. S., “(Liquid+liquid) equilibria of the (water+carboxylic acid+dibasic esters mixture (DBE-2)) ternary systems”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 370, 19 (2014).
20
[21] Zhao, Y., Chen, G. and Yuan, Q., “Liquid-liquid two-phase mass transfer in the T-junction microchannels”, AIChE J., 53 (12), 3042 (2007).
21
[22] Kashid, M., Harshe, Y. and Agar, D., “Liquid-liquid slug flow in a capillary: An alternative to suspended drop or film contactors”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 46 (25), 8420 (2007).
22
[23] Zhao, Y., Chen, G. and Yuan, Q., “Liquid-liquid two-phase flow patterns in a rectangular microchannel”, AIChE J., 52 (12), 4052 (2006).
23
[24] Assmann, N. and von Rohr, P. R., “Extraction in microreactors: Intensification by adding an inert gas phase”, Chem. Eng. Process., 50 (8), 822 (2011).
24
[25] Tsaoulidis, D., Dore, V., Angeli, P., Plechkova, N. V. and Seddon, K. R., “Dioxouranium(VI) extraction in microchannels using ionic liquids”, Chem. Eng. J., 227, 151 (2013).
25
[26] Jovanović, J., Rebrov, E. V., Nijhuis, T. A., Kreutzer, M. T., Hessel, V. and Schouten, J. C., “Liquid-liquid flow in a capillary microreactor: Hydrodynamic flow patterns and extraction performance”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51 (2), 1015 (2012).
26
[27] Azimi, N., Rahimi, M. and Abdollahi, N., “Using magnetically excited nanoparticles for liquid–liquid two-phase mass transfer enhancement in a Y-type micromixer”, Chem. Eng. Process., 97, 12 (2015).
27
[28] Mondal, P., Ghosh, S., Das, G. and Ray, S., “Phase inversion and mass transfer during liquid-liquid dispersed flow through mini-channel”, Chem. Eng. Process, 49 (10), 1051 (2010).
28
[29] Biswas, K. G., Das, G., Ray, S. and Basu, J. K., “Mass transfer characteristics of liquid-liquid flow in small diameter conduits”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 122, 652 (2015).
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Cr (VI) ion removal from aqueous solution by bio-inspired chitosan-clay composite: Kinetics and isotherms
This paper reports the evaluation of adsorbing Cr (VI) ions on sorbent prepared from chitosan (CHT), a versatile derivative of chitin, and dodecyl amine modified locally available kaolinite clay (Bijoypur clay) (MC) that has excellent mechanical properties and great resistance to chemical and biological attack. The effect of the initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosages on the adsorption capacity of the composites was investigated. pH 4 is selected for better adsorption by the adsorbents. The adsorption abilities were studied over Cr (VI) ions using different adsorption isotherm such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich respectively. Langmuir isotherm is found better fitted with maximum adsorption capacity of 73 mg/g by composite SB-1. R2 obtained from Langmuir isotherm is 0.999 which indicates a monolayer adsorption on the adsorbent surface. The adsorption kinetics was also well described by the pseudo-second-order equation with a rate constant of 0.000302 g mg−1 min−1 at 25 ppm Cr(VI) concentration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) ions by the adsorbent were confirmed by FT-IR and X-RD analysis of the composites before and after Cr (VI) ion adsorption. The desorption percentage of the metal ion and the second cycle metal adsorption by regenerated (regenerated after the first adsorption by fresh adsorbent) adsorbent processed with 0.01N sulphuric acid shows a value of 78.23% and 68.12% respectively.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80767_06692f4e192bfa12a894faf6deabf2fa.pdf
2018-11-01
63
80
Chitosan
Adsorbent
Chromium (VI) ions
Adsorption Isotherm
Adsorption kinetics
Sh.
Biswas
shanta@du.ac.bd
1
Department Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Md. M.
Islam
minhajul.acce@du.ac.bd
2
Department Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
M. M.
Hasan
mhasan.acdu@gmail.com
3
National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
S.H.
Rimu
sunzidarimu12004@gmail.com
4
National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
M. N.
Khan
mnuruzzaman.khan@du.ac.bd
5
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
P.
Haque
papiahq@du.ac.bd
6
Department Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
M. M.
Rahman
mizanur.rahman@du.ac.bd
7
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
[1] Akter, F., Das, S. S., Khan, M. M. R., Sultana, F. and Rahman, S. M., “Analysis on the physical and chemical properties and means of quality control of the tannery wastewater effluent in Dhaka city”, AJIRSET, 1 (8), 7 (2016).
1
[2] Al-Essa, K. and Khalili, F., “Heavy metals adsorption from aqueous solutions onto unmodified and modified Jordanian kaolinite clay: Batch and column techniques”, American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6 (1), 25 (2018).
2
[3] Alidokht, L., Khataee, A., Reyhanitabar, A. and Oustan, S., “Reductive removal of Cr (VI) by starch-stabilized FeO nanoparticles in aqueous solution”, Desalination, 270 (1-3), 105 (2011).
3
[4] Anah, L. and Astrini, N., “Influence of pH on Cr (VI) ions removal from aqueous solutions using carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel as adsorbent”, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 60 (1), 012010 (2017).
4
[5] Annadurai, G., Ling, L. Y. and Lee, J. -F., “Adsorption of reactive dye from an aqueous solution by chitosan: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152 (1), 337 (2008).
5
[6] Azom, M., Mahmud, K., Yahya, S. M., Sontu, A. and Himon, S., “Environmental impact assessment of tanneries: A case study of Hazaribag in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3 (2), 152 (2012).
6
[7] Baocheng, Q., Jiti, Z., Xiang, X., Zheng, C., Hongxia, Z. and Xiaobai, Z., “Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye CI Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution on surface soils”, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20 (6), 704 (2008).
7
[8] Bhattacharyya, K. G. and Gupta, S. S., “Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: A review”, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 140 (2), 114 (2008).
8
[9] Biswas, S., Rashid, T. U., Mallik, A. K., Islam, M., Khan, M. N., Haque, P., Khan, M. and Rahman, M. M., “Facile preparation of biocomposite from prawn shell derived chitosan and kaolinite-rich locally available clay”, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2017, 1 (2017).
9
[10] Chatterjee, S., Lee, D. S., Lee, M. W. and Woo, S. H., “Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan beads conditioned with sodium bisulfate”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166 (1), 508 (2009).
10
[11] Chen, X., “Modeling of experimental adsorption isotherm data”, Information, 6 (1), 14 (2015).
11
[12] Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M. and Dada, O., “Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn2+ unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk”, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3 (1), 38 (2012).
12
[13] dos Santos Moyses, F., Bertoldi, K., Elsner, V. R., Cechinel, L. R., Basso, C., Stulp, S., Rodrigues, M. A. S. and Siqueira, I. R., “Effect of tannery effluent on oxidative status of brain structures and liver of rodents”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24 (18), 15689 (2017).
13
[14] Febrianto, J., Kosasih, A. N., Sunarso, J., Ju, Y. -H., Indraswati, N. and Ismadji, S., “Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: A summary of recent studies”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162 (2), 616 (2009).
14
[15] Ghnimi, S. M. and Frini-Srasra, N., “A comparison of single and mixed pillared clays for zinc and chromium cations removal”, Applied Clay Science, 158, 150 (2018).
15
[16] Gong, X., Li, W., Wang, K. and Hu, J., “Study of the adsorption of Cr (VI) by tannic acid immobilised powdered activated carbon from micro-polluted water in the presence of dissolved humic acid”, Bioresource Technology, 141, 145 (2013).
16
[17] Greluk, M. and Hubicki, Z., “Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of Reactive Black 5 removal by acid acrylic resins”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 162 (3), 919 (2010).
17
[18] Gupta, S. and Babu, B. V., “Removal of toxic metal Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using sawdust as adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and regeneration studies”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 150 (2), 352 (2009).
18
[19] Huang, J., Cao, Y., Shao, Q., Peng, X. and Guo, Z., “Magnetic nanocarbon adsorbents with enhanced hexavalent chromium removal: Morphology dependence of fibrillar vs particulate structures”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56 (38), 10689 (2017a).
19
[20] Huang, S., Xia, W., Li, Y., Zhang, B., Zhou, A., Zheng, T., Qian, Z., Huang, Z., Lu, S. and Chen, Z., “Association between maternal urinary chromium and premature rupture of membranes in the Healthy Baby Cohort study in China”, Environmental Pollution, 230, 53 (2017b).
20
[21] Jain, M., Garg, V. K. and Kadirvelu, K., “Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous system using Helianthus annuus (sunflower) stem waste”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162 (1), 365 (2009).
21
[22] Kandile, N. G. and Nasr, A. S., “Environment friendly modified chitosan hydrogels as a matrix for adsorption of metal ions, synthesis and characterization”, Carbohydrate Polymers, 78 (4), 753 (2009).
22
[23] Karthik, R. and Meenakshi, S., "Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr (VI) uptake studies”, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 67, 210 (2014).
23
[24] Kumar, A. and Jena, H. M., “Adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous phase by high surface area activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2”, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 109, 63 (2017).
24
[25] Leonel, E. C., Faria, E. H. d., Pimentel, R. C., Nassar, E. J., Ciuffi, K. J., Reis, M. J. D. and Calefi, P. S., “Utilization of glycerin from biodiesel production to obtaining kaolinite hybrid for Cr3+ adsorption”, Química Nova, 35 (7), 1407 (2012).
25
[26] Li, Y., Jin, Z., Li, T. and Li, S., “Removal of hexavalent chromium in soil and groundwater by supported nano zero-valent iron on silica fume”, Water Science and Technology, 63 (12), 2781 (2011).
26
[27] Liu, B. and Huang, Y., “Polyethyleneimine modified eggshell membrane as a novel biosorbent for adsorption and detoxification of Cr (VI) from water”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (43), 17413 (2011).
27
[28] Liu, X., Qian, X., Shen, J., Zhou, W. and An, X., “An integrated approach for Cr (VI)-detoxification with polyaniline/cellulose fiber composite prepared using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant”, Bioresource Technology, 124, 516 (2012).
28
[29] Mousharraf, A., Hossain, M. S. and Islam, M. F., “Potential of locally available clay as raw material for traditional-ceramic manufacturing industries”, Journal of Chemical Engineering, 26 (1), 34 (2012).
29
[30] Nair, V., Panigrahy, A. and Vinu, R., “Development of novel chitosan–lignin composites for adsorption of dyes and metal ions from wastewater”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 254, 491 (2014).
30
[31] Ozdemir, O., Armagan, B., Turan, M. and Çelik, M. S., “Comparison of the adsorption characteristics of azo-reactive dyes on mezoporous minerals”, Dyes and Pigments, 62 (1), 49 (2004).
31
[32] Pandey, S. and Mishra, S. B., “Organic-inorganic hybrid of chitosan/organoclay bionanocomposites for hexavalent chromium uptake”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 361 (2), 509 (2011).
32
[33] Qiu, J., Wang, Z., Li, H., Xu, L., Peng, J., Zhai, M., Yang, C., Li, J. and Wei, G., “Adsorption of Cr (VI) using silica-based adsorbent prepared by radiation-induced grafting”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166 (1), 270 (2009).
33
[34] Rahman, M. M., Kabir, S., Rashid, T. U., Nesa, B., Nasrin, R., Haque, P. and Khan, M. A., “Effect of γ-irradiation on the thermomechanical and morphological properties of chitosan obtained from prawn shell: Evaluation of potential for irradiated chitosan as plant growth stimulator for Malabar spinach”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 82, 112 (2013).
34
[35] Rahman, M. M., Kabir, S., Rashid, T. U., Nesa, B., Nasrin, R., Haque, P. and Khan, M. A., “Effect of ϒ-irradiation on the thermomechanical and morphological properties of chitosan obtained from prawn shell: Evaluation of potential for irradiated chitosan as plant growth stimulator for Malabar spinach”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 82, 112 (2013).
35
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Design and Fabrication of an Improved Single-Column Chromatographic Separation Process
In this work, an improved single-column chromatographic (ISCC) separation process is proposed. The term `improved' refers to both conceptual and physical modifications compared to the available single-column processes, including a novel fraction collection scheme and allowing overlapped peaks from adjacent cycles. Also the fraction collection mechanism was modified in order to facilitate online monitoring. Another advantage of the ISCC process is its large degree of freedom as injection volume, cycle time, solvent flow rate, feed concentration, and fraction-collection intervals can all be decision variables in this process. The experimental implementation and validation is covered in this work. The results indicate successful operation of the ISCC process and accompanying peripherals for the separation of guaifenesin enantiomers. In particular, the tests confirmed the integrity of the online monitoring system and proved the capability of the process for 98% purification of the tested enantiomers with an advantageously shorter cycle time, which results in higher productivity.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80772_ec8184a29b1fe178c08c0811869a353e.pdf
2018-11-01
81
92
Chromatographic separation
Process Design
monitoring
guaifenesin
B.
Medi
medi@hut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.-K.
Kazi
kazi0001@e.ntu.edu.sg
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
AUTHOR
[1] Rajendran, A., Paredes, G. and Mazzotti, M., “Simulated moving bed chromatography for the separation of enantiomers”, Journal of Chromatography A, 1216 (4), 709 (2009).
1
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2
[3] Heinonen, J., Sanlaville, Q., Niskakoski, H. and Sainio, T., “Effect of separation material particle size on pressure drop and process efficiency in continuous chromatographic separation of glucose and fructose”, Separation and Purification Technology, 193, 317 (2018).
3
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[5] Colin, H., Ludemann-Hombourger, O. and Denet, F., Equipment for preparative and large size enantioselective chromatography, In: Preparative enantioselective chromatography, 1st ed., Cox, G. B. (Editor), Blackwell Publishing, Noida, India, p. 242 (2005).
5
[6] Siitonen, J. and Sainio, T., “Unified design of chromatographic separation processes”, Chemical Engineering Science, 122, 436 (2015).
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[7] Schlinge, D., Scherpian, P. and Schembecker, G., “Comparison of process concepts for preparative chromatography”, Chemical Engineering Science, 65 (19), 5373 (2010).
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10
[11] Vanthuyne, N. and Roussel, C., Differentiation of enantiomers, Schurig, I. V. Edition, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, p. 107 (2013).
11
[12] Kazi, M. K., Medi, B. and Amanullah, M., “Optimization of an improved single-column chromatographic process for the separation of enantiomers”, Journal of Chromatography A, 1231, 22 (2012).
12
[13] Medi, B., Kazi, M. K. and Amanullah, M., “Experimental implementation of optimal control of an improved single-column chromatographic process for the separation of enantiomers”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 54 (25), 6527 (2015).
13
[14] Medi, B., “Control and optimization of continuous chromatographic separation processes”, Ph. D. Thesis, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, (2013).
14
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[16] Araújo, J. M. M., Rodrigues, R. C. R., Eusebio, M. F. J. and Mota, J. P. B., “On-line enantiomeric analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography in chiral separation by simulated moving bed”, Journal of Chromatography A, 1189 (1-2), 292 (2008).
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[17] Cavazzini, A., Costa, V., Nadalini, G. and Dondi, F., “Instrumental method for automated on-line fraction analysis and peak deconvolution in multicomponent-overloaded high-performance liquid chromatography”, Journal of Chromatography A, 1137 (1), 36 (2006).
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18
[19] Medi, B., Kazi, M. K. and Amanullah, M., “Comparison of single-column chromatography and simulated moving bed process at optimal operating points”, proceedings of AIChE Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, U.S.A., p. 630f (2011).
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of operating conditions on divinylbenzene production in diethyl benzene dehydrogenation reactor
DEB dehydrogenation reaction was conducted to produce divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethylvinylbenzene (EVB). The effects of temperature, catalyst weight and time factor on the performance of the dehydrogenation reactor were investigated experimentally. Temperature was varied from 550º C up to 600 º C. Temperature affect the conversion of DEB to DVB significantly. The mole fraction of DEB in the outlet of the reactor is reducing up to 580 º C, but further increase in temperature up to 600 º C does not decrease the mole fraction of DEB in the outlet of the reactor. Catalyst weight was varied from 10 gr up to 40 gr. The results showed that the trends of EVB+DVB production and DEB consumption are identical at various catalyst weights. To obtain optimum time factor for the DEB dehydrogenation process experiments were conducted at various time factors. The results showed that the optimum time factor for DVB as a desired product is 825 gr/hr.mole. . The data and information provided in this research can be used for scale-up and optimization purposes.
https://www.ijche.com/article_80773_7b7b5b28498544f1586741f8f10a521c.pdf
2018-11-01
93
104
Diehtylbenzene Dehydrogenation
Divinylbenzene
Reactor performance
Time factor
M. E.
Zeynali
m.zeynali@ippi.ac.ir
1
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P. O. Box: 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Abedini
h.abedini@ippi.ac.ir
2
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P. O. Box: 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H. R.
Sadri
h.sadri@ippi.ac.ir
3
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P. O. Box: 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Toghyani, M., Rahimi, A. and Mirmohammadi, J., “Mathematical modeling and parameteric study of a dehydrogenation decoking process”, Apllied Catalysis, A: General, 489, 226 (2015)
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