ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electrospun Acellular Heart ECM for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Electrospun nanofiber is one of the promising alternatives for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery due to its controllable characteristics. However, choosing an appropriate biomaterial for a specific tissue regeneration plays a significant role in fabricating functional tissue-engineered constructs. Heart extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived electrospun nanofiber which mimic the physicochemical and structural characteristics of cardiac tissue is advantageous for cardiac tissue engineering. In this study, acellular calf heart ECM has been investigated as a potential biomaterial to be electrospun in a novel combination with poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin (Gel) and polycaprolactone (PCL) for cardiac tissue engineering. The obtained fibers were aligned, uniform, and bead free. After fabrication, the scaffolds were cross-linked in glutaraldehyde vapor to become mechanically stronger and dissoluble in the aqueous environments. Considering surface topography, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties, the fabricated hybrid electrospun ECM/PVP/Gel/PCL fibers can be proposed as a biomimetic scaffold for heart tissue engineering applications.
https://www.ijche.com/article_130363_2283faee551352573a30fcc5674378d0.pdf
2021-03-01
3
15
10.22034/ijche.2021.130363
Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Electrospinning
extracellular matrix
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone
Sh.
mashayekhiyan
mashayekhan@sharif.edu
1
Uni sharif
AUTHOR
M.
Jahanshahi
jahanshahi1993@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
M.
Jafarkhani
mah.jafarkhani@gmail.com
3
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
K.
Entezari
kimia.ent@gmail.com
4
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
M.
Niazi
mina.niazi7495@gmail.com
5
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
H.
Kabir
kabirhannaneh@yahoo.com
6
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
[1] Vogt, L., Rivera, L. R., Liverani, L., Piegat, A., El Fray, M. and Boccaccini, A. R., “Poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(glycerol sebacate) electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering using benign solvents”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 103, 109712 (2019).
1
[2] Mani, M. P., Jaganathan, S. K., Mohd Faudzi, A. A. and Sunar, M. S.,“Engineered electrospun polyurethane composite patch combined with bi-functional components rendering high strength for cardiac tissue engineering”, Polymers (Basel), 11 (4), 705 (2019).
2
[3] Qasim, M., Haq, F., Kang, M. -H. and Kim, J. -H., “3D printing approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and role of immune modulation in tissue regeneration”, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 14, 1311 (2019).
3
[4] Pomeroy, J. E., Helfer, A. and Bursac, N., “Biomaterializing the promise of cardiac tissue engineering”, Biotechnol. Adv., 42, 107353 (2020).
4
[5] Bertuoli, P. T., Ordoño, J., Armelin, E., Pérez-Amodio, S., Baldissera, A. F., Ferreira, C. A., Puiggalí, J., Engel, E., Del Valle, L. J. and Aleman, C., “Electrospun conducting and biocompatible uniaxial and core–shell fibers having poly (lactic acid), poly (ethylene glycol), and polyaniline for cardiac tissue engineering”, ACS Omega, 4 (2), 3660 (2019).
5
[6] Burnstine‐Townley, A., Eshel, Y. and Amdursky, N., “Conductive scaffolds for cardiac and neuronal tissue engineering: Governing factors and mechanisms”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 30 (18), 1901369 (2019).
6
[7] Arumugam, R., Srinadhu, E. S., Subramanian, B. and Nallani, S., “β-PVDF based electrospun nanofibers–A promising material for developing cardiac patches”, Med. Hypotheses, 122, 31 (2019).
7
[8] Heydarkhan-Hagvall, S., Schenke-Layland, K., Dhanasopon, A. P., Rofail, Hunter Smith, F., Wu, B. M., Shemin, R., Beygui, R. E. and MacLellan, W. R., "Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering", Biomaterials, 29 (19), 2907 (2008).
8
[9] Zhao, G., Zhang, X., Lu, T. J. and Xu, F., “Recent advances in electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering”, Adv. Funct. Mater., 25 (36), 5726 (2015).
9
[10] Han, J., Wu, Q., Xia, Y., Wagner, M. B. and Xu, C., “Cell alignment induced by anisotropic electrospun fibrous scaffolds alone has limited effect on cardiomyocyte maturation”, Stem Cell Res., 16 (3), 740 (2016).
10
[11] Elamparithi, A., Punnoose, A. M., Paul, S. F. D. and Kuruvilla, S., “Gelatin electrospun nanofibrous matrices for cardiac tissue engineering applications”, Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater., 66 (1), 20 (2017).
11
[12] Orlova, Y., Magome, N., Liu, L., Chen, Y. and Agladze, K., “Electrospun nanofibers as a tool for architecture control in engineered cardiac tissue”, Biomaterials, 32 (24), 5615 (2011).
12
[13] Kai, D., Prabhakaran, M. P., Jin, G. and Ramakrishna, S., “Guided orientation of cardiomyocytes on electrospun aligned nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B Appl. Biomater., 98B (2), 379 (2011).
13
[14] Yang, L., Xu, Y., Wang, Z., Wen, D., Zhang, W., Schmull, S., Li, H., Chen, Y. and Xue, S., “Electrospun nanofibrous sheets of collagen/ elastin/ polycaprolactone improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction”, American Journal of Translational Research, 8 (4), 1678 (2016).
14
[15] Cho, S. J., Jung, S. M., Kang, M., Shin, H. S. and Youk, J. H., “Preparation ofhydrophilic PCL nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning of PCL/PVP-b-PCL block copolymers for enhanced cell biocompatibility”, Polymer (Guildf), 69, 95 (2015).
15
[16] Sanchez, P. L., Fernández-Santos, M. E., Costanza, S., Climent, A. M., Moscoso, I., Gonzalez-Nicolas, M. A., Sanz-Ruiz, R., Rodríguez, H., Kren, S. M., Garrido, G., Escalante, J. L., Bermejo, J., Elizaga, J., Menarguez, J., Yotti, R., del Villar, C. P., Espinosa, M. A., Guillem, M. S., Willerson, J. T., Bernad, A., Matesanz, R., Taylor, D. A. and Fernández-Avilés, F., “Acellular human heart matrix: A critical step toward whole heart grafts”, Biomaterials, 61, 279 (2015).
16
[17] Tamimi, M., Rajabi, S. and Pezeshki-Modaress, M., “Cardiac ECM/chitosan/alginate ternary scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering application”, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 164, 389 (2020).
17
[18] Haaf, F., Sanner, A. and Straub, F., “Polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone: Synthesis, characterization and uses”, Polym. J., 17 (1), 143 (1985).
18
[19] Ignatova, M., Manolova, N. and Rashkov, I., “Novel antibacterial fibers of quaternized chitosan and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) prepared by electrospinning”, Eur. Polym. J., 43 (4), 1112 (2007).
19
[20] Singelyn, J. M., De Quach, J. A., Seif-Naraghi, S. B., Littlefield, R. B., Schup-Magoffin, P. J. and Christman, K. L., “Naturally derived myocardial matrix as an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering”, Biomaterials, 30 (29), 5409 (2009).
20
[21] Guorui, J., He, R., Sha, B., Li, W., Qing, H., Teng, R. and Xu, F., "Electrospunthree-dimensional aligned nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 92, 995 (2018).
21
[22] Fleischer, S., Miller, J., Hurowitz, H., Shapira, A. and Dvir, T., “Effect of fiber diameter on the assembly of functional 3D cardiac patches”, Nanotechnology, 26 (29), 1002 (2015).
22
[23] Soleimani, M., Mashayekhan, Sh. and Ansarizadeh, M., “Design and fabrication of conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for neural tissue engineering : Process modeling via response surface methodology”, J. Biomater. Appl., 33 (5), 619 (2018).
23
[24] Chen, D., Lai, Y., Lee, S., Hung, S., Chen, H. and Al, C. E. T., “Osteoblastic response to collagen scaffolds varied in freezing temperature and glutaraldehyde crosslinking”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A, 80 (2), 399 (2006).
24
[25] Dan, K., Wang, Q. -L., Wang, H. -J., Prabhakaran, M. P., Zhang, Y., Tan, Y. -Z. and Ramakrishna, S., “Stem cell-loaded nanofibrous patch promotes the regeneration of infarcted myocardium with functional improvement in rat model”, Acta Biomaterialia, 10 (6), 2727 (2014).
25
[26] Dan, K., Prabhakaran, M. P., Jin, G. and Ramakrishna, S., “Polypyrrole-containedelectrospun conductive nanofibrous membranes for cardiac tissue engineering”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res.-Part A, 99 A (3), 376 (2011).
26
[27] Salles, T. H. C., Lombello, C. B., d’Ávila, M. A., Salles, T. H. C., Lombello, C. B. and d’Ávila, M. A., “Electrospinning of gelatin/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) blends from water/acetic acid solutions”, Mater. Res., 18 (3), 509 (2015).
27
[28] Esmaeili Pourfarhangi, K., Mashayekhan, Sh., Ghanbari Asl, S. and Hajebrahimi, Z., “Construction of scaffolds composed of acellular cardiac extracellular matrix for myocardial tissue engineering”, Biologicals, 53, 10 (2020).
28
[29] Reid, J. A. and Callanan, A., “Hybrid cardiovascular sourced extracellular matrix scaffolds as possible platforms for vascular tissue engineering”, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl Biomater., 108 (3), 910 (2020).
29
[30] Fujimoto, K. L., Tobita, K., Guan, J., Hashizume, R., Takanari, K., Alfieri, C. M. and Yutzey, W. R. W. E., “Placement of an elastic, biodegradable cardiac patch on a sub-acute infarcted heart leads to cellularization with early developmental cardiomyocyte characteristics”, J. Card Fail., 18 (7), 585 (2013).
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of drying rate on the performance of Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation
The dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by sequential impregnation was studied. Three drying rates, that is, 5, 10 and 15 °C/min were applied after incipient wetness impregnation of the support (1.6–1.8 mm in diameter) with KNO3. The obtained catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, SEM-EDAX analysis and XRF for textural and chemical properties. Catalytic performance tests were performed in a fixed-bed quartz reactor under kinetically controlled conditions for proper catalyst screening. The EDAX measurement results illustrated that the potassium concentration profile changed with drying rate with the catalyst prepared by lower drying rate exhibited highest K concentration at the center as well as highest propylene yield. These were attributed to the retraction of impregnation solution during drying at slow rates which results in lower concentration of acidic sites in catalyst center, thereby reducing the contact time of the propylene product with strong acid sites during reaction.
https://www.ijche.com/article_129751_dce62588d787a98636dfa97d048dd43b.pdf
2021-03-01
16
24
10.22034/ijche.2021.129751
Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3
propane dehydrogenation
Impregnation
Drying
potassium distribution
F.
Tahriri zangeneh
tahriri_zangeneh@yahoo.com
1
Catalyst group,national petrochemical company
AUTHOR
S.
sahebdelfar
sahebdelfar@yahoo.com
2
Petrochemical Research and Technology Company, National Petrochemical Company
AUTHOR
A.
Taeb
taeb@iust.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
AUTHOR
[1] Heinritz-Adrian, M., Wenzel, S. and Youssef, F., “Advanced propane dehydrogenation”, Petrol. Technol. Q, 13 (1), 83 (2008).
1
[2] Nawaz, Z., “Light alkane dehydrogenation to light olefin technologies: A comprehensive review”, Rev. Chem. Eng., 31, 413 (2015).
2
[3] Tan, S., Gil, L. B., Subramanian, N., Sholl, D. S., Nair, S., Jones, C. W., Moore, J. S., Liu, Y., Dixit, R. S. and Pendergast, J. G., “Catalytic propane dehydrogenation over In2O3-Ga2O3 mixed oxides”, Appl. Catal. A,, 498, 167 (2015).
3
[4] Sahebdelfar, S. and Tahriri Zangeneh, F., “Dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts: the influence of operating conditions on product selectivity”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 7 (2), 51 (2010).
4
[5] Sattler, J. J. H. B., Ruiz-Martinez, J., Santillan-Jimenez, E. and Weckhuysen, B. M., “Catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes on metals and metal oxides”, Chem. Rev., 114, 10613 (2014).[6] Kumbilieva, K., Gaidai, N. A., Nekrasov, N. V., Petrov, L. and Lapidus A. L., “Types of active sites and deactivation features of promoted Pt catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation”, Chem. Eng J., 120, 25 (2006).
5
[7] Resasco, D. E., “Dehydrogenation-heterogeneous”, in: Horváth, I. T. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of catalysis, Vol. 3, Wiley, New York, USA, p. 49 (2003).
6
[8] Tahriri Zangeneh, F. and Sahebdelfar., S., “Effect of addition of different promoters on the performance of Pt-Sn-K/Al2O3 catalyst in the propane dehydrogenation”, Iranian J. Chem. Eng., 8 (3), 48 (2011).
7
[9] Hu, Z. -P., Yang, D., Wang, Z. and Yuan, Z. Y., “State-of-the-art catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene”, Chinese J. Catal., 40, 1233 (2019).
8
[10] Kaylor N. and Davis R. J., “Propane dehydrogenation over supported Pt-Sn nanoparticles”, J. Catal., 367, 181 (2018).
9
[11] Tahriri Zangeneh, F., Taeb, A., Gholivand, K. and Sahebdelfar, S., “The effect of alkali metal promoters on the stability and coke formation of Pt-based propane dehydrogenation catalyst: A kinetic study”, Iranian J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 32 (4), 25 (2013).
10
[12] He, S., Sun, C., Bai, Z., Dai, X. and Wang, B., “Dehydrogenation of long chain paraffins over supported Pt-Sn-K/Al2O3 catalysts: A study of the alumina support effect”, Appl. Catal. A: General., 356, 88 (2009).
11
[13] Tasbihi, M., Feyzi, F., Amlashi, M. A., Abdullah, A. Z. and Mohamed, A. R, “Effect of the addition of potassium and lithium in Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts for the dehydrogenation of isobutane”, Fuel Process Technol., 88 (9), 883 (2007).[14] Nagaraja, B. M., Jung, H., Yang, D. R. and Jung, K. D, “Effect of potassium addition on bimetallic PtSn supported θ-Al2O3 catalyst for n-butane dehydrogenation to olefins” Catal. Today., 232, 40 (2014).
12
[15] Siri, G. J., Bertolini, G. R., Casella, M. L. and Ferretti, O. A., “PtSn/γ-Al2O3 isobutane dehydrogenation catalysts: The effect of alkali metal addition”, Mater. Lett., 59, 2319 (2005).
13
[16] Caspary, K. J., Gehrke, H., Heinritz-Adrian, M. and Schwefer, M., “Dehydrogenation of alkanes”, In: Ertl, G., Knozinger, H., Weitkamp, J., Eds., Handbook of heterogeneous catalysis, Wiley-VHC Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, p. 3206 (2008).
14
[17] Tahriri Zangeneh, F., Taeb, A., Gholivand, K. and Sahebdelfar, S., “The effect of mixed HCl–KCl competitive adsorbate on Pt adsorption and catalytic properties of Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts in propane dehydrogenation”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 357, 172 (2015).
15
[18] Marceau, E., Carrier, X. and Che, M., “Impregnation and drying”, In: de Jong, K. P., (Ed), Synthesis of solid catalysts, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, p. 59 (2009).
16
[19] Nawaz, Z., Tang, X. P., Chu, Y. and Wei, F., “Influence of calcination temperature and reaction atmosphere on the catalytic properties of Pt–Sn/SAPO–34 for propane dehydrogenation”, Chinese J. Catal., 31, 552 (2010).
17
[20] Pinna, F., “Supported metal catalysts preparation”, Catal. Today., 41, 129(1998).
18
[21] Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J. and Sing, K. S. W., “Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report) ”, Pure Appl. Chem., 87 (9-10), 1051 (2015).
19
[22] Akporiaye, D., Jensen, S. F., Olsbye, U., Rohr, F., Rytter, E., Rønnekleiv, M. and Spjelkavik, A. I., “A novel, highly efficient catalyst for propane dehydrogenation”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 4741 (2001).
20
[23] Carvalho, L. S., Reyes, P., Pecchi, G., Figoli, N., Pieck, C. L. and do Carmo Rangel, M., “Effect of the solvent used during preparation on the properties of Pt/Al2O3 and Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 5557 (2001).
21
[24] Levenspiel, O., Chemical reaction engineering, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, p. 473 (1999).
22
[25] Sahebdelfar, S., Kazemeini, M., Khorasheh, F. and Badakhshan, A., “Deactivation behavior of the catalyst in solid acid catalyzed alkylation: effect of pore mouth plugging”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 57 (17), 3611 (2002).
23
[26] Mohagheghi, M., Bakeri, G. and Saeedizad, M., “Study of the effects of external and internal diffusion on the propane dehydrogenation reaction over Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst”, Chem. Eng. Technol., 30, 1721 (2007).
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling and Simulation of the Magnetorheological Fluid Sleeve Valve
Magnetorheological fluids contain suspended magnetic particles that arrange in chains in the presence of a magnetic field, causing the conversion of the fluid from a liquid state to a quasi-solid state. These fluids can be used in valves as a tool for pressure drop and flow interruption. This research aims to investigate the feasibility of using magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in industrial valves. The rheological properties of the MRF sample were measured with the MCR300 rheometer in the presence of a magnetic field. In this connection, the Bingham plastic continuous model was used to predict fluid behavior, and model coefficients were obtained using MATLAB software. Then, the model's coefficients were used to simulate the behavior of the magnetorheological fluid in the presence of the magnetic field in the valve. The geometry and dimensions of the valve were designed according to the dimensions of industrial samples. Then the CFD simulation with Fluent software was done by using the Bingham model and fluid characteristics obtained from experimental results. The results showed that the pressure increased by increasing the magnetic field at the center of the sleeve. The magnetic field up to 0.5 Tesla, increases pressure and decreases amplitude. Therefore, as the magnetic field increase, the amplitude of the maximum pressure on the sleeve was significantly reduced.
https://www.ijche.com/article_131248_1a9dc188c7dedb342a4decf08b753a08.pdf
2021-03-01
25
35
10.22034/ijche.2021.131248
Magnetorheological Fluid
Magnetorheological Valve
Rheology
Magnetic field
pressure
A.
Pourshayan
en.pourshayan@gmail.com
1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Rabbani
rabbani.ali@ut.ac.ir
2
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 111554563, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
farahani
farahani_sobhan@yahoo.com
3
School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Rabbani
yahyarabbani@ut.ac.ir
4
university of Tehran
AUTHOR
H.
Ahmadi Danesh Ashtian
h_danesh@azad.ac.ir
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
shariat
shariat@pomcak.com
6
PetroPars Operation and Management Company (POMC), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gh.
Nejad
mansoor56teh@yahoo.com
7
Head of research and technology at Alborz province gas company
AUTHOR
A. A.
Emami Satellou
a_a_e_s@yahoo.com
8
Metering Senior Engineering in NIGC, APGC
AUTHOR
[1] Nguyen, Q. H., Choi, S. B. and Wereley, N. M., “Optimal design of magnetorheological valves via a finite element method considering control energy and a time constant”, Smart Materials and Structures, 17, 025024 (2008).
1
[2] Rabbani, Y., Shirvani, M., Hashemabadi, S. H. and Keshavarz, M., “Application of artificial neural networks and support vector regression modeling in prediction of magnetorheological fluid rheometery”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 520, 268 (2017).
2
[3] Wang, D. H. and Liao, W. H.,“Magnetorheological fluid dampers: A review of parametric modelling”, Smart Materials and Structures, 20, 023001 (2011).
3
[4] Kordonsky, W., “Elements and devices based on magnetorheological effect”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 4, 65 (1993).[5] Carlson, J. D., Catanzarite, D. M. and Clair, K. A. S., “Commercial magneto-rheological fluid devices”, International Journal of Modern Physics B, 10, 2857 (1996).
4
[6] Hitchcock, G. H., Wang, X. and Gordaninejad, F., “A new bypass magnetorheological fluid damper”, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Transactions of the ASME, 129, 641 (2007).
5
[7] Nam, Y. J. and Park, M. K., “Performance evaluation of two different bypass-type MR shock dampers”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 18, 707 (2007).
6
[8] John, S., Chaudhuri, A. and Wereley, N. M., “A magnetorheological actuation system: Test and model”, Smart Materials and Structures, 17, 025023 (2008).
7
[9] Olabi, A. G. and Grunwald, A., “Design and application of magneto-rheological fluid”, Materials and Design, 28, 2658 (2007).
8
[10] Goncalves, F. D. and Carlson, J. D., “An alternate operation mode for MRFs—magnetic gradient pinch”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 149, 012050 (2009).
9
[11] Gedik, E., Kurt, H., Recebli, Z. and Balan, C., “Two-dimensional CFD simulation of magnetorheological fluid between two fixed parallel plates applied external magnetic field”, Computers and Fluids, 63, 128 (2012).
10
[12] Wang, D. H., Ai, H. X. and Liao, W. H., “A magnetorheological valve with both annular and radial fluid flow resistance gaps”, Smart Materials and Structures, 18, 115001 (2009).
11
[13] Attia, H. A. and Ahmed, M. E. S.,“Unsteady MHD flow in a circular pipe of a dusty non-Newtonian fluid”, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, 11, 113 (2007).
12
[14] Yoo, J. H. and Wereley, N. M., “Design of a high-efficiency magnetorheological valve”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 13, 679 (2002).
13
[15] Kaluvan, S., Thirumavalavan, V., Kim, S. and Choi, S. B., “A new magneto-rheological fluid actuator with application to active motion control”, Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 239, 166 (2016).
14
[16] Brigadnov, I. A. and Dorfmann, A., “Mathematical modeling of magnetorheological fluids”, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 17, 29 (2005).
15
[17] Koo, J. H., Goncalves, F. D. and Ahmadian, M., “A comprehensive analysis of the response time of MR dampers”, Smart Materials and Structures, 15, 351 (2006).
16
[18] Milecki, A., “Investigation of dynamic properties and control method influences on MRF dampers’ performance”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 13, 453 (2002).
17
[19] Kavlicoglu, N. C., Kavlicoglu, B. M., Liu, Y., Evrenesl, C. A., Fuchs, A., Korol, G. and Gordaninejad, F., “Response time and performance of a high-torque magneto-rheological fluid limited slip differential clutch”, Smart Materials and Structures, 16, 149 (2007).
18
[20] Maroofi, J., Hashemabadi, S. H. and
19
Rabbani, Y., “Investigation of the chain formation effect on thermal conductivity of magnetorheological fluids”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 34 (1), 3(2020).
20
[21] Shirvani, M. and Rabbani, Y., “The properties and parameters needed of the magnetorheological fluid for use in the intelligent damper of the vehicle suspension system”, Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran, (2019).
21
[22] Rabbani, Y., Ashtiani, M. and Hashemabadi, S. H., “An experimental study on the effects of temperature and magnetic field strength on the magnetorheological fluid stability and MR effect”, Soft Matter, 11, 4453 (2015).
22
[23] Rabbani, Y., Hajinajaf, N. and Tavakoli, O., “An experimental study on stability and rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid using iron nanoparticle core–shell structured by cellulose”, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 135, 1687 (2019).
23
[24] Rabbani, Y. and Tavakoli, O., “Experimental study on stability of magnetorheological fluid by using of Fe3O4/cellulose nanoparticles”, Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 52 (10), 2779 (2019).
24
[25] Rabbani, Y., Shariaty Niassar, M. and Seyyed Ebrahimi, S. A., “An investigation of the effects of dopamine on the superhydrophobicity of carbonyl iron particles with stearic acid”, Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17 (4), 49 (2020).
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Oxidative desulfurization of petroleum products using decorated cobalt oxide on the surface of modified carbon nanotubes-ICHEC-1887
Due to the dangerous effects of sulfur in hydrocarbon compounds and its impact on environmental health, a new formulation based on surface-modified carbon nanotubes and a cobalt oxide has been prepared. Oxidative desulfurization is the main section of this process that is utilized to reduce this impurity. After decorating cobalt oxide on the surface of nanotubes, the TEM images and Thermogravimetric analysis were studied to evaluate the structure of this complex. The results show that the combination of metal oxide and functionalized nanoparticles presents better efficiency in sulfur removal. In addition, the reaction rate raised by increasing the number of functional groups on the surface of nanotubes. Then, the influence of temperature, reaction time and the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the sample was investigated. The results show that the higher temperature and higher number of oxidizing agents could provide better efficiency in the desulfurization process. Due to the presence of CNTs in the synthesized catalyst, it is possible that sulfur compounds adsorbed with CNT. By matching the data with the Pseudo first and second order adsorption kinetic, it was found that the adsorption is done as a Pseudo first order adsorption kinetic. Since the ODS process is performed by a chemical reaction, the reaction kinetics were adapted to the first order equation and calculate the activation energy required for the reaction. This result can be utilized for better desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels for different applications.
https://www.ijche.com/article_142545_5cd397b68ef1edf6779b87b7a87a9ff3.pdf
2021-03-01
36
45
10.22034/ijche.2021.130364
Carbon Nanotube
Surface modification
Cobalt oxide
Desulfurization
A.
Kazemi-Beydokhti
a.kazemi@hsu.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Hassanpour souderjani
hph1377@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar
AUTHOR
[1] Ahmad, I., Rehan, M., Balkhyour, M., Abbas, M., Basahi, J., Almeelbi, T. and Ismail, I., “Review of environmental pollution and health risks at motor vehicle repair workshops challenges and perspectives for Saudi Arabia”, Int. J. Agric. Environ. Res., 2 (1), 1 (2016).
1
[2] Dini, Z., Afsharpour, M. and Tabar-Heydar, K., “UV-assisted functionalization of carbon nanotube for synthesis of efficient desulfurization catalysts (NH2/COOH)-MWNT/MoO3”, Diamond Relat. Mater., 91, 237 (2019).
2
[3] Gao, Y., Gao, R., Zhang, G., Zheng, Y. and Zhao, J., “Oxidative desulfurization of model fuel in the presence of molecular oxygen over polyoxometalate based catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes”, Fuel, 224, 261 (2018).
3
[4] Jiang, Z., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Tian, F., Sun, F., Liang, C., You, W., Han, C. and Li, C., “Activated carbons chemically modified by concentrated H2SO4 for the adsorption of the pollutants from wastewater and the dibenzothiophene from fuel oils”, Langmuir, 19 (3), 731 (2003).
4
[5] Ismagilov, Z., Yashnik, S., Kerzhentsev, M., Parmon, V., Bourane, A., Al-Shahrani, F., Hajji, A. and Koseoglu, O., “Oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels”, Catalysis Reviews, 53 (3), 199 (2011).
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[6] Saleh, T. A., Applying nanotechnology to the desulfurization process in petroleum engineering, IGI global, p. 3
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[7] Babich, I. and Moulijn, J., “Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurization of oil refinery streams: A review”, Fuel, 82 (6), 607 (2003).
7
[8] Meman, N. M., Pourkhalil, M., Rashidi, A. and ZareNezhad, B., “Synthesis, characterization and operation of a functionalized multi-walled CNT supported MnOx nanocatalyst for deep oxidative desulfurization of sour petroleum fractions”, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20 (6), 4054 (2014).
8
[9] Meman, N. M., Zarenezhad, B., Rashidi, A., Hajjar, Z. and Esmaeili, E., “Application of palladium supported on functionalized MWNTs for oxidative desulfurization of naphtha”, J. Ind. Eng. Chem.,22,179 (2015).
9
[10] Rao, T., Krishna, P., Paul, D., Nautiyal, B., Kumar, J., Sharma, Y., Nanoti, S., Sain, B. and Garg, M., “The oxidative desulfurization of HDS diesel: Using aldehyde and molecular oxygen in the presence of cobalt catalysts”, Pet. Sci. Technol., 29 (6), 626 (2011).
10
[11] Ahmad, W., “Sulfur in petroleum: Petroleum desulfurization techniques”, In: Applying nanotechnology to the desulfurization process in petroleum engineering, IGI Global, p. 1 (2016).
11
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12
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13
[15] Tasis, D., Tagmatarchis, N., Bianco, A. and Prato, M., “Chemistry of carbon nanotubes”, Chem. Rev., 106 (3), 1105 (2006).
14
[16] Kazemi-Beydokhti, A., Zeinali Heris, S., Jaafari, M. R., Nikoofal-Sahlabadi, S., Tafaghodi, M. and Hatamipoor, M., “Microwave functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube as nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drug cisplatin: in vitro and in vivo evaluation”, J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol., 24 (6), 572
15
[17] Larrude, D. G., Ayala, P., Maia da Costa, M. E. H. and Freire, F. L., “Multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with cobalt oxide nanoparticles”, Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012, (2012).
16
[18] Anbia, M. and Parvin, Z., “Desulfurization of fuels by means of a nanoporous carbon adsorbent”, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89 (6), 641 (2011).
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18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Medium Temperature Shift Reaction Over Copper-Ceria catalyst in Fixed-Bed and Microchannel Reactors
One of the effective catalysts for hydrogen purification and production via medium temperature shift reaction, is Cu-Ce solid solution. Cu0.1Ce0,9O1.9 was produced using co-precipitation method and then was utilized as support for 5Cu/Ce0.9Cu0.1O1.9 catalyst which was synthesized employing wet impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that crystalline sizes of Ce0.9Cu0.1O1.9 and 5Cu/Cu0.1Ce0,9O1.9 were 9.22 and 18.33 nm, respectively. The Catalysts were evaluated in medium temperature shift reaction at 300-390 °C and at gas hourly space velocities (GHSV) of 12000 and 30000 h-1, in a fixed bed reactor. Due to higher concentration of Cu and synergic positive effects of both active metal and support, 5Cu/Cu0.1Ce0,9O1.9 catalyst showed better performance. It was also concluded that, because of low residence time at high levels of GHSV, increasing GHSV leads to decrease CO conversion. Then 5Cu/Cu0.1Ce0,9O1.9 was evaluated in microchennel reactor in 2 GHSVs of 12000 and 30000 h-1 and results were compared with the fixed-bed reactor. It can be concluded that microchannel reactor is better in higher GHSVs (lower residence time of gas flow). A microchannel reactor provides a high surface-to-volume ratio and gases pass over the thin layer of catalyst on the coated plates. Hence, due to the better access to the catalytic bed, the reactants react even in a short time, which improves the microchannel performance compared to the fixed bed reactor
https://www.ijche.com/article_139288_e223f17850a593efd90c54f2a813e600.pdf
2021-03-01
46
51
10.22034/ijche.2021.139288
Catalyst
hydrogen
Medium temperature shift
Copper-Ceria
Microchannel
A.
Irankhah
irankhah@kashanu.ac.ir
1
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Lab., Chemical Engineering Dep., Engineering Faculty, University of Kashan
AUTHOR
Y.
Davoodbeygi
y.davoodbeygi@hormozgan.ac.ir
2
Department of chemical Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
AUTHOR
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Predicting Ionic Liquids’ Second-Order Derivative Properties based on a Combination of SAFT-γ EoS and a GC Technique
Considering the high number of ionic liquids (ILs) and impracticability of laboratory measurements for all ILs’ properties, applying theoretical methods to predict the properties of this large family can be very helpful. In the present research, ILs’ thermophysical properties are predicted by a combination of statistical associating fluid theory and group contribution concept (SAFT-γ GC EoS). The studied ionic liquids are 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([emim][CF3SO3]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([bmim][CF3SO3]), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate ([mmim][MeSO4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([emim][MeSO4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate ([bmim][MeSO4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([emim][MeSO3]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]). The thermophysical properties including coefficient of thermal expansion, coefficient of thermal pressure, coefficient of isentropic compressibility, coefficient of isothermal compressibility, speed of sound, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities are estimated within broad ranges of pressure and temperature (0.1-60 MPa and 273-413 K). The comparison among the SAFT-γ predictions and some available experimental data show good ability of SAFT-γ EoS to estimate the ILs’ second-order derivative thermophysical properties.
https://www.ijche.com/article_134553_feebec8df7295b1ab694ace7128a8e07.pdf
2021-03-01
56
70
10.22034/ijche.2021.134553
SAFT
[MeSO3]
[MeSO4]
[EtSO4]
[CF3SO3]
ُS.Saba
Ashrafmansouri
s.ashrafmansoori@gmail.com
1
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Larestan, Lar, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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5
ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and dicyanamide and their binary and ternary mixtures with water and ethanol at T=(298.15 to 343.15K)”, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 51, 51 (2012).
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13
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[39] Gardas, R. L., Costa, H. F., Freire, M. G., Carvalho, P. J., Marrucho, I. M., Fonseca, I. M. A., Ferreira, A. G. M. and Coutinho, J. A. P., “Densities and derived thermodynamic properties of imidazolium-, pyridinium-, pyrrolidinium-, and piperidinium-based ionic liquids”, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 53 (3), 805 (2008).
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