Experimental Study of Attrition in the Spouted Bed and Spout-Fluid Bed with a Draft Tube

Alipour, A.; Sotude.Gharebagh, R.; Koksal, M.; Kulah, G.; Zarghami, R.; Mostoufi, N.

doi:10.22034/ijche.2021.127792

Document Type : Full article

Authors

¹ School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

⁴ University of Tehran

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijche.2021.127792

Abstract

The attrition of 300 µm natural zeolite particles was studied in a laboratory scale draft tube spouted bed (DTSB) and spout-fluid bed (DTSFB). It has been shown that the attrition rate decreases with time and reaches to an almost constant value. The results show that the prevailing attrition mechanism under the conditions of this work is the surface abrasion which occurs due to the collisions between particles. It has been found that increasing the cone angle from 30º to 60º in the DTSB, causes a decrease in the extent of attrition. In addition, by increasing the spouting air velocity and the height of the entrainment zone in the DTSB, the extent of attrition increases due to a more energetic collision between particles as well as the increased circulation rate of solids. Increasing the auxiliary air velocity in the DTSFB increases the rate of attrition. A comparison between the attrition in the DTSB and DTSFB has been conducted and has indicated that applying the auxiliary air flow causes up to a 6 % increase in the extent of attrition. An empirical correlation is derived for evaluating the extent of the attrition in the DTSB and DTSFB. This empirical correlation is in good agreement with the experimental data.

Keywords

20.1001.1.17355397.2020.17.3.6.1

References

[1] Gishler, P. E., “The spouted bed technique -discovery and early studies at N.R.C.”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 61 (3), 267 (1983).

[2] Epstein, N. and Grace, J. R., Spouted and spout-fluid beds : Fundamentals and applications, Cambridge University Press, (2011).

[3] Zhao, X. L., Li, S. Q., Liu, G. Q., Song, Q. and Yao, Q., “Flow patterns of solids in a two-dimensional spouted bed with draft plates: PIV measurement and DEM simulations”, Powder Technology, 183 (1), 79 (2008).

[4] Estiati, I., Altzibar, H., Tellabide, M. and Olazar, M., “A new method to measure fine particle circulation rates in draft tube conical spouted beds”, Powder Technology, 316, 87 (2017).

[5] Zhang, Y., Huang, G. and Su, G., “Hydrodynamic behavior of silicon particles with a wide size distribution in a draft tube spout-fluid bed”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 328, 645 (2017).

[6] Saldarriaga, J. F., Atxutegi, A., Aguado, R., Altzibar, H., Bilbao, J. and Olazar, M., “Influence of contactor geometry and draft tube configuration on the cycle time distribution in sawdust conical spouted beds”, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 102, 80 (2015).

[7] Zhong, W., Xiong, Y., Yuan, Z. and Zhang, M., “DEM simulation of gas-solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid bed”, Chemical Engineering Science, 61 (5), 1571 (2006).

[8] Chatterjee, A., “Spout-fluid bed technique”, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development”, 9 (2), 340 (1970).

[9] Chatterjee, A., Adusumilli, R. S. S. and Deshmukh, A. V., “Wall‐to‐bed heat transfer characteristics of spout‐fluid beds”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 61 (3) 390 (1983).

[10] Khoe, G. K. and Van Brakel, J., “Drying characteristics of a draft tube spouted bed”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 61 (3), 411 (1983).

[11] Altzibar, H., Lopez, G., Alvarez, S., San José, M. J., Barona, A. and Olazar, M., “A draft-tube conical spouted bed for drying fine particles”, Drying Technology, 26 (3), 308 (2008).

[12] Plawsky, J. L., Littman, H. and Paccione, J. D., “Design, simulation, and performance of a draft tube spout fluid bed coating system for aerogel particles”, Powder Technology, 199 (2), 131 (2010).

[13] Hatate, Y., “Catalytic coal gasification using a draft-tube spouted-bed gasifier”, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 38 (2), 86 (1997).

[14] Khoshnoodi, M. and Weinberg, F. J. J., “Combustion in spouted beds”, Combustion and Flame, 33, 11 (1978).

[15] Konduri, R. K., Altwicker, E. R. and Morgan, M. H., “Atmospheric spouted bed combustion: The role of hydrodynamics in emissions generation and control”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 73 (5), 744 (1995).

[16] Stocker, R. K., Eng, J. H., Svreck, W. Y. and Behie, L. A., “Ultrapyrolysis of propane in a spouted bed reactor with draft tube”, AIChE Journal, 35 (10), 1617 (1989).

[17] Ferreira, M. C. and Freire, J. T., “Fluid dynamics characterization of a pneumatic bed using a spouted bed type solid feeding system”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 70 (5), 905 (1992).

[18] Milne, B. J., Berruti, F., Behie, L. A., and De Bruijn, T. J. W., “The internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB): A novel solution to gas bypassing in spouted beds”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 70 (5), 910 (1992).

[19] Pugsley, T. S., Milne, B. J. and Berruti, F., “An innovative non-mechanical solids feeder for high solids mass fluxes in circulating fluidized bed risers”, Powder Technology, 88 (2), 123 (1996).

[20] Ijichi, K., Uemura, Y., Yoshizawa, H., Hatate, Y. and Yoshida, K., “Conveying characteristics of fine particles using converging nozzle”, Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 24 (3), 365 (1998).‏

[21] Marreto, R. N., Freire, J. T. and Freitas, L. A. P., “Drying of pharmaceuticals: The applicability of spouted beds”, Drying Technology, 24 (3), 327 (2006).

[22] Krambrock, W., “Mixing and homogenizing of granular bulk material in a pneumatic mixer unit”, Powder Technology, 15 (2), 199 (1976).

[23] Hatate, Y., Ijichi, K. and Uemura, Y., “Flow characteristics of draft tube spouted bed and its application”, Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, 34 (5), 343 (1997).

[24] Bemrose, C. R. and Bridgwater, J., “A review of attrition and attrition test methods”, Powder Technology, 49 (2), 97 (1987).

[25] Mathur, K. B. and Epstein, N., Dynamicsof spouted beds, Edited by Drew, T. B., Cokelet, G. R., Hoopes, J. W. and Theodore B. T., Advances in chemical engineering, Vol. 9, Academic Press, (1974).

[26] Buczek, B., “Working of active carbon by attrition in a spouted bed”, Powder Technology, 35 (1), 113 (1983).

[27] Wongvicha, P. and Bhattacharya, S. C., “Attrition of lignite char in a spouted bed combustor”, International Journal of Energy Research, 18 (1), 9 (1994).

[28] Al-Senawi, S., Hadi, B., Briens, C. and Chabagno, J. M., “A comparison of the breakage mechanisms for attrition of selected polymers in pneumatic transport and spouted beds”, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 6, 1 (2008).

[29] Flamant, G., Chraibi, M. A., Vallbona, G. and Bertrand, C., “Decarbonation and attrition of calcite in a plasma spouted bed reactor”, Le Journal de Physique Colloques, 51 (C5), 27 (1990).

[30] Fernández-Akarregui, A. R., Makibar, J., Alava, I., Diaz, L., Cueva, F., Aguado, R., Lopez, G. and Olazar, M., “Sand attrition in conical spouted beds”, Particuology, 10 (5), 592 (2012).

[31] Pis, J. J., Fuertes, A. B., Artos, V., Suárez, A. and Rubiera, F., “Attrition of coal ash particles in a fluidized bed”, Powder Technology, 66 (1), 41 (1991).

[32] Cook, J. L., Khang, S. J., Lee, S. K. and Keener, T. C., “Attrition and changes in particle size distribution of lime sorbents in a circulating fluidized bed absorber”, Powder Technology, 89 (1), 1 (1996).

[33] Maurer, S., Durán, S. R., Künstle, M. and Biollaz, S. M. A., “Influence of interparticle forces on attrition and elutriation in bubbling fluidized beds”, Powder Technology, 291, 473 (2016).

[34] Yao, X., Zhang, H., Yang, H., Liu, Q., Wang, J. and Yue, G., “An experimental study on the primary fragmentation and attrition of limestones in a fluidized bed”, Fuel Processing Technology, 91 (9), 1119 (2010).

[35] Lee, S. K., Jiang, X., Keener, T. C. and Khang, S. J., “Attrition of lime sorbents during fluidization in a circulating fluidized bed absorber”, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 32 (11), 2758 (1993).

[36] Aguado, R., Prieto, R., San José, M. J., Alvarez, S., Olazar, M. and Bilbao, J., “Defluidization modelling of pyrolysis of plastics in a conical spouted bed reactor”, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 44 (2), 231 (2005).

[37] Yang, W. C. and Keairns, D. L., “Studies on the solid circulation rate and gas bypassing in spouted fluid-bed with a draft tube”, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 61 (3), 349 (1983).

[38] Golshan, S., Zarghami, R. and Mostoufi, N., “Hydrodynamics of slot-rectangular spouted beds: Process intensification”, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 121, 315 (2017).

[39] Ishikura, T., Nagashima, H. and Ide, M., “Hydrodynamics of a spouted bed with a porous draft tube containing a small amount of finer particles”, Powder Technology, 131 (1), 56 (2003).

[40] Vaux, W. G. and Fellers, A. W., “Measurement of attrition tendency in fluidization”, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series,77 (205), 107 (1981).

Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)

Experimental Study of Attrition in the Spouted Bed and Spout-Fluid Bed with a Draft Tube

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 3
September 2020
Pages 85-97

Experimental Study of Attrition in the Spouted Bed and Spout-Fluid Bed with a Draft Tube

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 3September 2020Pages 85-97

Volume 17, Issue 3
September 2020
Pages 85-97