Iranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Transdermal Delivery of Desmopressin Acetate from Water-in- Oil Nano/submicron Emulsion Systems11338865ENArezouSoroushnia1 Biomedical Engineering Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranFaribaGanjiTarbiat ModaresSeyed MojtabaTaghizadeh2Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Polymer Science Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151121Desmopressin acetate is a potent synthetic peptide hormone. A more acceptable route of Desmopressin acetate is a potent synthetic peptide hormone. That is administered via parenteral, intranasal, and oral routes. A more acceptable route of administration with potentially good bioavailability could be offered by transdermal delivery. The present work reports on the development of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions for the transdermal administration of desmopressin acetate. A water-in-oil nano/submicron emulsions for transdermal administration of desmopressin developed. Its skin penetration profiles determined using Franz-diffusion cell. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams for emulsion regions constructed. Effects of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), ratio of surfactants and co-surfactant mixture to oil phase (Smix/oil), and ratio of surfactants to co-surfactant (S/Cs) on skin flux evaluated. <br /> Skin flux was increased when S/Cs and Smix/oil were decreased, and HLB was increased. Optimized formulation was obtained as: HLB=8, S/Cs=3 and Smix/oil=5.4, with average particle size of 69nm. The optimized nano/submicron emulsions increased desmopressin skin flux 4.45 fold relative to drug solution.https://www.ijche.com/article_38865_39c5e6687112a66db45a257be6c8974e.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Liquid-liquid equilibrium data prediction using large margin nearest neighbor143238866ENMohsenPirdashtiFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, PO Box, 484, Babol, Iran0000-0002-8862-0583KamyarMovagharnejadFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, PO Box, 484, Babol, Iran0000-0002-3278-1492SilviaCurteanuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection,“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, Str. Prof. dr. Doc. DimitrieMangeron, nr. 73, 700050, Iaşi, Romania0000-0002-5281-1265FlorinLeonDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, Str. Prof. dr. Doc. DimitrieMangeron, nr. 27, 700050, Iaşi, RomaniaFarshadRahimpourBiotechnology research lab, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran0000-0002-8564-9436Journal Article20151122Guanidine hydrochloride has been widely used in the initial recovery steps of active protein from the inclusion bodies in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The knowledge of the guanidine hydrochloride effects on the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase diagram behavior is still inadequate and no comprehensive theory exists for the prediction of the experimental trends. Therefore the effect the guanidine hydrochloride on the phase behavior of PEG4000+ potassium phosphate+ water system at different guanidine hydrochloride concentrations and pH was investigated in this study. To fill the theoretical gaps, the typical of support vector machines was applied to the k-nearest neighbor method in order to develop a regression model to predict the LLE equilibrium of guanidine hydrochloride in the above mentioned system. Its advantage is its simplicity and good performance, with the disadvantage of an increase the execution time. The results of our method are quite promising: they were clearly better than those obtained by well-established methods such as Support Vector Machines, k-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest. It is shown that the obtained results are more adequate than those provided by other common machine learning algorithms.https://www.ijche.com/article_38866_58ec79d0df4ac0be489b49a24d3b3c08.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Simulation, Control and Experimental Analysis of 1,3Butadiene Purification Unit334538868ENRahbarRahimiUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan0000-0002-0133-4980ShirinBoulaqhiMSc graduate, USBAmirZiarifarPhD student,USBJournal Article20160201Simulation of a process and analysis of its resulting data in both dynamic and steady-state conditions are fundamental steps in understanding the process in order to design and efficient control of system as well as implementing operational cost reduction scheme. In the present paper, steady and unsteady state simulation of Amir Kabir1, 3 butadiene purification units has been done by using Aspen and Aspen Dynamic software together with the Peng- Robinson equation of state to investigate the system responses to the disturbances.<br /> In the unsteady state simulation mode; the flow rates, pressure, temperature and level (FPTL) were controlled by Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers in the unit. Finally, transient responses to changes such as feed temperature, feed flow rates, steam flow rates and the duties of the re-boiler of columns in unit were gained. For reaching to purified 1,3 butadiene, sensitivity of the process to the fluctuations of feed temperature and on the duties of the re-boilers of the columns is noticeable .https://www.ijche.com/article_38868_9f878502461db1cdbe1a5402325752b8.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Three-dimensional CFD modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3/water nanofluid in microchannel heat sink with Eulerian-Eulerian approach466138867ENHosseinHadi NajafabadiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.MostafaKeshavarz MoravejiAmirkabir university of technology (Tehran Polytechnic)0000-0003-4891-340XJournal Article20160207In this paper, three-dimensional incompressible laminar fluid flow in a rectangular microchannel heat sink (MCHS) using Al2O3/water nanofluid as a cooling fluid is numerically studied. CFD prediction of fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer properties of nanofluid using single-phase and two-phase model (Eulerian-Eulerian approach) are compared. Hydraulic and thermal performance of microchannels are investigated according to the results of the friction factor, pumping power, average heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, average temperature of the walls and entropy generation. In addition, due to the CFD results, two correlations for predication of Nusselt number and friction factor are presented. Comparing the predicted Nusselt number using single-phase and two-phase models with experimental data shows that the two-phase model is more accurate than single-phase model. The results show that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles leads to increases the heat transfer coefficient and reduces the heat sink wall temperature, but it leads to the undesirable effect of increase in pumping power and total entropy generation.https://www.ijche.com/article_38867_2a124256620b4ea5aa1518b2798ca500.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Preparation of Flame Retardant Polystyrene via In-Situ Bulk Polymerization Method and Evaluation of its Flammability Properties627038869ENSeyed JamaleddinPeighambardoustFaculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz0000-0001-7514-4445RaminFaridvandFaculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of TabrizAbolfazlShenavarR&D Centre of Tabriz Petrochemical Complex (TPC)Journal Article20160228In this study, in-situ bulk polymerization was investigated for obtaining flame retardant polystyrene (PS). The halogenated and phosphoric compounds were used as flame retardant additives and Perkadox 30 was used as a synergist. The flammability of the PS was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 tests. The results show that polymerization process for production of flame retardant polystyrene needs lower amount of flame retardant additives compare with the process for production of flame retardant composites. Furthermore, using Perkadox 30 as a synergist lowers the loading of flame retardant additives. LOI tests show that flame retardant polystyrene synthesized by adding at least 0.35 % (w/w) hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) during polymerization. TGA analysis confirms that with addition of HBCD the degradation temperature decreases and weight loss occurs quickly. The degradation tempresure of the sample consist of 0.8 % (w/w) HBCD was lower than the sample consist of 0.35 % (w/w) HBCD and 0.45 % (w/w) triphenylphosphate (TPP). The pure polystyrene didn’t pass the UL-94 test because of inflammability and greater dripping. For samples with HBCD, shorter time needed to quench the flame and these samples passed the UL-94 test. On the other hand, greater dripping of polymer melt led to transmission of UL-94 rate from V0 to V2. It is also observed that flaming rate for samples with TPP was very low and dripping didn’t occur.https://www.ijche.com/article_38869_0b4ade12f95d97ce2ac8b3544b479a10.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101Simultaneous high hydrogen content-synthesis gas production and in-situ CO2 removal via sorption-enhanced reaction process: modeling, sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization using NSGA-II algorithm719538870ENMaliheHeravi1Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, IranMahdiBayatDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, IranMohammad RezaRahimpourDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,
Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, IranJournal Article20160310The main focus of this study is improvement of the steam-methane reforming (SMR) process by in-situ CO2 removal to produce high hydrogen content synthesis gas. Sorption-enhanced (SE) concept is applied to improve process performance. In the proposed structure, the solid phase CO2 adsorbents and pre-reformed gas stream are introduced to a gas-flowing solids-fixed bed reactor (GFSFBR). One dimensional mathematical model is developed to evaluate the effect of adsorbents on the efficiency of SMR at steady-state condition. To prove the accuracy of the considered model, simulation results are compared against available industrial plant data. Modeling results represent that application of SE method in SMR enhances syngas production and reduces CO2 content. The reported data indicate that by overcoming thermodynamic limitations and controlling coke formation, CH4 conversion and H2 yield improve about 23% and 29%, respectively. For more investigation, sensitivity analyses of some related parameters of the pre-reformed gas are performed to predict optimum conditions. Finally, the proposed GFSFBR for the SMR process leads to higher hydrogen production and H2/CO ratio. As the last part, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is applied to perform multi-objective optimization of the SE-SMR.https://www.ijche.com/article_38870_9ca82e82e6ee4f1fbbf0e6400fbdb751.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineering (IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE)1735-539713420161101An investigation of heat and mass transfer enhancement of air dehumidification with addition of γ-Al2O3 nano-particles to liquid desiccant9611238871ENLeilaOmidvar LangroudiDepartment of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch, P.O. Box 46615-397, IranHassanPahlavanzadehFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-143, Iran0000-0001-5203-3566SaraNanvakenariFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-143, IranJournal Article20160419This study introduces an experimental and theoretical investigation of the performance of a proposed air dehumidification system using a nanofluid of γ-alumina nano-particles in LiBr/H2O as a desiccant. Comparative experiments organized using a central composite design were carried out to evaluate the effects of six numerical factors (air velocity, desiccant flow rate, air humidity ratio, desiccant solution concentration, air temperature, desiccant temperature) and one categorical factor (adding nano-particles) on outlet air humidity ratio and outlet air temperature as responses. Reduced quadratic models were derived for each response. The results revealed that the concentration of LiBr/H2O solution and air temperature had the largest effect on outlet air humidity ratio and outlet air temperature, respectively. It was found that the average increase in mass transfer rate was 12.23% and heat transfer rate was 13.22% when γ-alumina nano-particles (0.02% wt) were added to the LiBr/H2O solution. The average increase in mass transfer coefficient was 22.73% and heat transfer coefficient was 26.51%.https://www.ijche.com/article_38871_9cdb4000a2c0e308cd60aaa1cc1255e8.pdf