Document Type : Regular Article
Authors
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering requires approaches to provide a suppression/promotion environment for the bone growth. Scaffold biomaterials have profound regulatory effects on the functionality of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the present study, the three-component bioceramic of selenium/reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite (Se/RGO/HA) was developed and its performance to repair bone defects was compared to that of HA. The Se/RGO/HA nanocomposite scaffold was synthesized using the chemical bath technique, characterized by the X-ray diffraction spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectrometery, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) were used to investigate the in-vitro osteogenic properties of the Se/RGO/HA scaffold. The effect of the combined scaffold on the cell proliferation was analyzed by the MTT assay. Cell adhesion behaviors were evaluated using the optical microscopy and SEM. The osteogenic properties of the Se/RGO/HA scaffold were examined by the measurement of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and western blotting technique. The hAD-MSCs proliferation for HA and the Se/RGO/HA nanocomposite were 2 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.05 respectively. The Se/RGO/HA nanocomposite had cytotoxic effects on the KHOS-240S cancer cells. Additionally, good cell attachment and osteoblast-like morphology were characterized on the designed scaffold. The ALP activity and mineralization potential of cells seeded on Se/RGO/HA were higher than those seeded on HA. The Osteocalsin protein for Se/RGO/HA and HA were 64 ± 1 and 12 ± 0.1 respectively. Furthermore, the expression of Osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein, was synergistically increased by the incorporation of Se and RGO into HA. In conclusion, the presence of RGO inside Se could significantly increase the positive effects of HA on the osteogenic potential of hAD-MSCs.
Keywords
Main Subjects
References
- Chaparro, O. and Linero, I., “Regenerative medicine: A new paradigm in bone regeneration”, Advanced techniques in bone regeneration, Rozim Zorzi, A. and de Miranda, J. B. edition, 1st, Intechopen, p. 253 (2016).
- Kiernan, C., Knuth, C. and Farrell, E., “Chapter 6 - Endochondral ossification: Recapitulating bone development for bone defect repair”, Developmental biology and musculoskeletal tissue engineering, Stoddart, M. J., Craft, A. M., Pattappa, G. and Gardner, O. F. W. edition, Academic Press, Boston, p. 125 (2018).
- Awad, H. A., O’Keefe, R. J. and Mao, J. J., “Chapter 81 - Bone tissue engineering”, Principles of tissue engineering, Lanza, R., Langer, R., Vacanti, J. P. and Atala, A. edition, Fifth ed., Academic Press, p. 1511 (2020).
- Hadi, F., Awan, D., Tahir Maqbool, D., Shehzadi, S., Javed, S. and Kiran, K., “Stem cells, scaffolds and signaling molecules as a multidisciplinary”, Approach for Tissue Engineering, 6, 132018014 (2018).
- Murphy, C. M., O’Brien, F. J., Little, D. G. and Schindeler, A., “Cell-scaffold interactions in the bone tissue engineering triad”, Cell Mater., 26 (4), 120 (2013).
- Eltom, A., Zhong, G. and Muhammad, A., “Scaffold techniques and designs in tissue engineering functions and purposes: A review”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 3429527 (2019). (https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3429527).
- Carvalho, J., Carvalho, P., Gomes, D. and Goes, A., “Innovative strategies for tissue engineering”, Advances in biomaterials science and biomedical applications, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, p. 295 (2013).
- Baino, F., Novajra, G. and Vitale, B. C., “Bioceramics and scaffolds: A winning combination for tissue engineering”, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 3 (202), (2015).
- Gervaso, F., Scalera, F., Kunjalukkal, P. S., Sannino, A. and Licciulli, A., “High‐performance hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications”, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 9 (3), 507 (2012).
- Gao, C., Deng, Y., Feng, P., Mao, Z., Li, P. and Yang, B., “Current progress in bioactive ceramic scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15 (3), 4714 (2014).
- Orozco-Díaz, C. A., Moorehead, R., Reilly, G. C., Gilchrist, F. and Miller, C., “Characterization of a composite polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite 3D-printing filament for bone-regeneration”, Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 6 (2), 025007 (2020).
- Nayak, T. R., Andersen, H., Makam, V. S., Khaw, C., Bae, S. and Xu, X., “Graphene for controlled and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells”, ACS Nano, 5 (6), 4670 (2011).
- Park, J., Park, S., Ryu, S., Bhang, S. H., Kim, J. and Yoon, J. K., “Graphene‒regulated cardiomyogenic differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and cell signaling molecules”, Advanced Healthcare Materials, 3 (2), 176 (2014).
- Lee, W. C., Lim, C. H. Y., Shi, H., Tang, L. A., Wang, Y. and Lim, C. T., “Origin of enhanced stem cell growth and differentiation on graphene and graphene oxide”, ACS Nano, 5 (9), 7334 (2011).
- Yoon, H. H., Bhang, S. H., Kim, T., Yu, T., Hyeon, T. and Kim, B. S., “Dual roles of graphene oxide in chondrogenic differentiation of adult stem cells: Cell‐adhesion substrate and growth factor‐delivery carrier”, Advanced Functional Materials, 24 (41), 6455 (2014).
- Ku, S. H. and Park, C. B., “Myoblast differentiation on graphene oxide”, Biomaterials, 34 (8), 2017 (2013).
- Lee, J. H., Shin, Y. C., Lee, S. M., Jin, O. S., Kang, S. H. and Hong, S. W., “Enhanced osteogenesis by reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites”, Scientific Reports, 5 (1), 1 (2015).
- Rayman, M. P., “The importance of selenium to human health”, The Lancet, 356 (9225), 233 (2000).
- Roman, M., Jitaru, P. and Barbante, C., “Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health”, Metallomics, 6 (1), 25 (2014).
- Korowash, S., Burdzinska, A., Pędzisz, P., Dąbrowski, F, Mostafa, A. M. and Abdel-Razik, A., “Selenium substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their in vitro interaction on human bone marrow-and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells”, Interceram-International Ceramic Review, 66 (6), 244 (2017).
- Tinggi, U., “Selenium: Its role as antioxidant in human health”, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2 (13), 102 (2008).
- Rodríguez‐Valencia, C., López‐Álvarez, M., Cochón‐Cores, B., Pereiro, I., Serra, J. and Gonzálezm P., “Novel selenium‐doped hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A, 101 (3), 853 (2013).
- Park, J., Lee, J. H., Yoon, B. S., Jun, E. K., Lee, G. and Kim, I. Y., “Additive effect of bFGF and selenium on expansion and paracrine action of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells”, Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 9 (1), 293 (2018).
- Zakhireh, S., Adibkia, K., Khosrowshahi, Y. and Barzegar-Jalali, M., “Osteogenesis promotion of selenium-doped hydroxyapatite for application as bone scaffold”, Biological Trace Element Research, 199, 1802 (2021).
- Lee, J. H., Shin, Y. C., Lee, S. M., Jin, O. S., Kang, S. H. and Hong, S. W., “Enhanced osteogenesis by reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites”, Scientific Reports, 5 (1), 18833 (2015).
- Gurunathan, S. and Kim, J. H., “Synthesis, toxicity, biocompatibility, and biomedical applications of graphene and graphene-related materials”, International Journal of Nanomedicine, 11, 1927 (2016).
- Dubey, N., Bentini, R., Islam, I., Cao, T., Castro, N. A. H. and Rosa, V., “Graphene: A versatile carbon-based material for bone tissue engineering”, Stem Cells International, (2015).
- Mizerska-Kowalska, M., Sławińska-Brych, A., Kaławaj, K., Żurek, A., Pawińska, B. and Rzeski, W., “Betulin promotes differentiation of human osteoblasts in vitro and exerts an osteoinductive effect on the hFOB 1.19 cell line through activation of JNK, ERK1/2 and mTOR kinases”, Molecules, 24 (14), 2637 (2019).
- Beloti, M. M. and Rosa, A. L., “Osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow cells under continuous and discontinuous treatment with dexamethasone”, Brazilian Dental Journal, 16 (2), 156 (2005).
- Blair, H. C., Larrouture, Q. C., Li, Y., Lin, H., Beer-Stoltz, D. and Liu, L., “Osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix formation in vivo and in vitro”, Tissue Engineering, Part B: Reviews, 23 (3), 268 (2017).
- Jin, L., Lee, J. H., Jin, O. S., Shin, Y. C., Kim, M. J. and Hong, S. W., “Stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by reduced graphene oxide”, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15 (10), 7966 (2015).
- Nie, W., Peng, C., Zhou, X., Chen, L., Wang, W. and Zhang, Y., “Three-dimensional porous scaffold by self-assembly of reduced graphene oxide and nano-hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering”, Carbon, 116, 325 (2017).
- Pan, H., Jiang, , Zhang, T. and Tang, R., “In situ solution study of calcium phosphate crystallization kinetics”, Methods in enzymology, 532, Academic Press, p. 129 (2013).
- Baino, F., “Ceramics for bone replacement: Commercial products and clinical use”, Advances in ceramic biomaterials, Woodhead Publishing, p. 249 (2017).
- Jin, L., Lee, J. H., Jin, O. S., Shin, Y. C., Kim, M. J. and Hong, S. W., “Stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by reduced graphene oxide”, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15 (10), 7966 (2015).
- Florencio-Silva, R., Sasso, G. R., Sasso-Cerri, E., Simões, M. J. and Cerri, P. S., “Biology of bone tissue: Structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells”, BioMed Research International, (2015).
- Patti, A., Gennari, L., Merlotti, D., Dotta, F. and Nuti, R., “Endocrine actions of osteocalcin”, International Journal of Endocrinology, 2013, 846480 (2013).
', './data/ijche/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))