Effect of Synthesis Method and Nickel-Copper Loading on Ni-Cu-Al Catalysts for Production of Hydrogen Via Ethanol Steam Reforming

Document Type : Regular Article

Authors

1 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Lab., Chemical Engineering Dep., Engineering Faculty, University of Kashan

2 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Tafresh, Iran

Abstract
In the present work, the effect of synthesis method (simultaneous impregnation and coprecipitation) and copper to nickel active phases loading were investigated in Ni-Cu-Al catalysts. The water/ethanol molar ratio of 6 and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 20000 hr-1 were used in all the experiments. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The catalytic activity results revealed that 13Ni-6Cu/γ-Al2O3 impregnated catalyst was more active than co-precipitated one (13NiO-6CuO-81Al2O3) in the same amount of compositions of active metals and Al2O3, but by increasing the active phases (Cu and Ni) loading in co-precipitated catalysts (24NiO-31CuO-45Al2O3, 31NiO-24CuO-45Al2O3, 40NiO-15CuO-45 Al2O3 and 47NiO-8CuO-45Al2O3), they achieved a better performance than 13NiO-6CuO-81Al2O3 catalyst. The 40NiO-15CuO-45Al2O3 catalyst showed 99% ethanol conversion, as well as 303 hydrogen yield and 4% CO selectivity at 470oC. SEM images revealed agglomerated particles for the samples with high Al2O3 content and with increasing the active phase content in the catalyst the particle sizes decreased. The 40NiO-15CuO-45Al2O3 showed smallest particle size among the catalysts.

Keywords

Subjects


[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
[27] Kourtelesis, M. Moraes, T. S. Mattos, L. V. Niakolas, Dimitrios K. Bellot Noronha, F. Verykios, X.," The effects of support morphology on the performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the low temperature steam reforming of ethanol" Appl. Catal. B Environ. 284, 119757 (2021)
 [28] Turczyniak, S. Teschner, D. Machocki, A. Zafeiratos, S.," Effect of the surface state on the catalytic performance of a Co/CeO2 ethanol steam-reforming catalyst", J. Catal.  340, 321 (2016)
[29] Montero, C. Remiro, A. Valle, B. Oar-Arteta, L. Bilbao, J. Gayubo, A. G., "Origin and nature of coke in ethanol steam reforming and its role in deactivation of Ni/La2O3–αAl2O3 catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 14736 (2019)
[30] Sohrabi, S. and Irankhah, A.," Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ni/CeMnO2 catalysts promoted by copper, cobalt, potassium and iron for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy 46(24), 12846 (2021)
 
[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
[27] Kourtelesis, M. Moraes, T. S. Mattos, L. V. Niakolas, Dimitrios K. Bellot Noronha, F. Verykios, X.," The effects of support morphology on the performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the low temperature steam reforming of ethanol" Appl. Catal. B Environ. 284, 119757 (2021)
 [28] Turczyniak, S. Teschner, D. Machocki, A. Zafeiratos, S.," Effect of the surface state on the catalytic performance of a Co/CeO2 ethanol steam-reforming catalyst", J. Catal.  340, 321 (2016)
[29] Montero, C. Remiro, A. Valle, B. Oar-Arteta, L. Bilbao, J. Gayubo, A. G., "Origin and nature of coke in ethanol steam reforming and its role in deactivation of Ni/La2O3–αAl2O3 catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 14736 (2019)
[30] Sohrabi, S. and Irankhah, A.," Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ni/CeMnO2 catalysts promoted by copper, cobalt, potassium and iron for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy 46(24), 12846 (2021)
 
[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
[27] Kourtelesis, M. Moraes, T. S. Mattos, L. V. Niakolas, Dimitrios K. Bellot Noronha, F. Verykios, X.," The effects of support morphology on the performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the low temperature steam reforming of ethanol" Appl. Catal. B Environ. 284, 119757 (2021)
 [28] Turczyniak, S. Teschner, D. Machocki, A. Zafeiratos, S.," Effect of the surface state on the catalytic performance of a Co/CeO2 ethanol steam-reforming catalyst", J. Catal.  340, 321 (2016)
[29] Montero, C. Remiro, A. Valle, B. Oar-Arteta, L. Bilbao, J. Gayubo, A. G., "Origin and nature of coke in ethanol steam reforming and its role in deactivation of Ni/La2O3–αAl2O3 catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 14736 (2019)
[30] Sohrabi, S. and Irankhah, A.," Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ni/CeMnO2 catalysts promoted by copper, cobalt, potassium and iron for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy 46(24), 12846 (2021)
[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
[27] Kourtelesis, M. Moraes, T. S. Mattos, L. V. Niakolas, Dimitrios K. Bellot Noronha, F. Verykios, X.," The effects of support morphology on the performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the low temperature steam reforming of ethanol" Appl. Catal. B Environ. 284, 119757 (2021)
 [28] Turczyniak, S. Teschner, D. Machocki, A. Zafeiratos, S.," Effect of the surface state on the catalytic performance of a Co/CeO2 ethanol steam-reforming catalyst", J. Catal.  340, 321 (2016)
[29] Montero, C. Remiro, A. Valle, B. Oar-Arteta, L. Bilbao, J. Gayubo, A. G., "Origin and nature of coke in ethanol steam reforming and its role in deactivation of Ni/La2O3–αAl2O3 catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 14736 (2019)
[30] Sohrabi, S. and Irankhah, A.," Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ni/CeMnO2 catalysts promoted by copper, cobalt, potassium and iron for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy 46(24), 12846 (2021)
 
[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
[27] Kourtelesis, M. Moraes, T. S. Mattos, L. V. Niakolas, Dimitrios K. Bellot Noronha, F. Verykios, X.," The effects of support morphology on the performance of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the low temperature steam reforming of ethanol" Appl. Catal. B Environ. 284, 119757 (2021)
 [28] Turczyniak, S. Teschner, D. Machocki, A. Zafeiratos, S.," Effect of the surface state on the catalytic performance of a Co/CeO2 ethanol steam-reforming catalyst", J. Catal.  340, 321 (2016)
[29] Montero, C. Remiro, A. Valle, B. Oar-Arteta, L. Bilbao, J. Gayubo, A. G., "Origin and nature of coke in ethanol steam reforming and its role in deactivation of Ni/La2O3–αAl2O3 catalyst", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 58, 14736 (2019)
[30] Sohrabi, S. and Irankhah, A.," Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of Ni/CeMnO2 catalysts promoted by copper, cobalt, potassium and iron for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy 46(24), 12846 (2021)
 
 
[1] Martinelli, M. Castro, J. D. Alhraki, N.  Matamoros, M.E.  Kropf, A.J. Cronauer, D.C. and Jacobs, G.," Effect of sodium loading on Pt/ZrO2 during ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 610, 117947 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117947
[2] Greluk, M. Gac, W.  Rotko, M. Słowik, G. and Turczyniak-Surdacka, S.,"Co/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming: Effect of the cobalt/nickel dispersion on catalysts properties", J. Catal. 393, 159 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.009
[3] Zhang L. Liu, J. Li, W. Guo, C. and Zhang, J.," Ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/Al2O3-MyOz (M= Si, La, Mg, and Zn) catalysts". J. of Nat. Gas Chem. 18, 55 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60078-X
[4] Vizcaíno, A. J. Arena, P. Baronetti, G. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A. Laborde, M. A. Amadeo, N.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of Mg addition", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3489 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.12.012
[5] De Souza, G. Ávila, V.C. Marcílio, N.R. Perez-Lopez, O. W.," Synthesis gas production   by steam reforming of ethanol over M-Ni-Al hydrotalcite-type catalysts; M= Mg, Zn, Mo, Co", Procedia. Eng. 42, 1805 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.575
[6] Vizcaíno, A.J. Carrero, A.  and Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Cu–Ni supported catalysts", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32 1450 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.024
[7] Yang ,Y. Ma, J. and Wu, F., "Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over a Ni/ZnO catalyst", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 31, 877 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.029
[8] Bej, B. Pradhan, N.C. Neogi, S., " Production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol over alumina supported nano-NiO/SiO2 catalyst", Catal. Today 1 (2014)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.019
[9] Benito, M. Padilla, R. Rodríguez, L. Sanz, J. L., Daza, L.," Zirconia supported catalysts for bioethanol steam reforming: Effect of active phase and zirconia structure", J. power sources 169 (1), 167 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.01.047
[10] Alonso, C. G.  Furtado, A. C. Cantao, M. P. Dos Santos, O. A. A.  Fernandes-Machado, N. R. C.," Reactions over Cu/Nb2O5 catalysts promoted with Pd and Ru during hydrogen production from ethanol", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(8), 3333 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.021
[11] Ogo, S. and  Sekine, Y.," Recent progress in ethanol steam reforming using non-noble transition metal catalysts: A review", Fuel Process Technol. 199, 106238 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106238
[12] Phung, T. K. Pham, T. L. M. Nguyen, A. N. T. Vu, K. B. Giang, H. N.  Nguyen, T. A. ...  and Pham, H. D.," Effect of supports and promoters on the performance of Ni‐based catalysts in ethanol steam reforming", Chem. Eng. Technol. 43(4), 672 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201900445
 [13] Diagne, C. Idriss, H. Pearson, K. Gómez-García, M. A.  Kiennemann, A.," Efficient hydrogen production by ethanol reforming over Rh catalysts. Effect of addition of Zr on CeO2 for the oxidation of CO to CO2", Comptes Rendus Chimie 7(6-7), 617 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2004.03.004
[14] Garbarino, G. Riani, P. Alberto, M. Canepa, F. Kawale, S. Busca, G.," Cobalt-based nanoparticles as catalysts for low temperature hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(1), 82 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.10.054
[15] Ju, S. Bang, Y. Gil, J. Yoo, J. Kyu, I.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over mesoporous Ni Al2O3ZrO2 xerogel catalysts: Effect of Zr / Al molar ratio", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 38(3), 1376 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.057
[16] Liguras, D. K. Kondarides, D. I. Verykios, X. E.," Production of hydrogen for fuel cells by steam reforming of ethanol over supported noble metal catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43(4), 345 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00327-2
 [17]     Banach, B. Machocki, A.," Effect of potassium addition on a long term performance of Co – ZnO – Al2O3 catalysts in the low-temperature steam reforming of ethanol: Co-precipitation vs citrate method of catalysts synthesis ", Appl. Catal. A Gen. 505, 173 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.08.003
[18] Buitrago-Sierra, R. Ruiz-Martínez, J. Serrano-Ruiz, J. C. Rodríguez-Reinoso, F. Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.," Ethanol steam reforming on Ni/Al2O3 catalysts: Effect of the addition of Zn and Pt", J. Colloid Interface Sci. 383(1), 148 (2012)
[19] Vizcaíno, A. J. Lindo, M. Carrero, A. Calles, J. A.," Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol using Ni catalysts based on ternary mixed oxides prepared by coprecipitation" , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 37(2), 1985 (2012)
[20] Anil, S. Indraja, S. Singh, R. Appari, S. Roy, B.," A review on ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 based catalyst powders", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47, 8187 (2022)
[21] Mingyan, W. Yoon, Kim S. Men, Y. Shin, E. W.," Influence of metal-support interactions on reaction pathways over Ni/CeZrOx–Al2O3 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1462 (2022)
[22] Moraes, T.S. Bergamaschi, V.S. Ferreira, J.C. Spinacé, E.V.," Preparation and characterization of high-performance Ni-based core–shell catalyst for ethanol steam reforming", J. of Mater. Sci. 57 (9), 5384 (2022)
[23] Breen, J. P. Burch, R. Coleman, H. M.," Metal-catalysed steam reforming of ethanol in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 39(1), 65 (2002)
[24] Yamazaki, T. Kikuchi, N. Katoh, M. Hirose, T. Saito, H. Yoshikawa, T. Wada, M.," Behavior of steam reforming reaction for bio-ethanol over Pt / ZrO2 catalysts", Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 99(1–2), 81 (2010)
 [25]     Frusteri, F. Freni, S. Spadaro, L. Chiodo, V. Bonura, G. Donato, S. Cavallaro, S.," H2 production for MC fuel cell by steam reforming of ethanol over MgO supported Pd, Rh, Ni and Co catalysts", Catal. Commun. 5(10), 611 (2004)
[26] Possato, L. G. Goncalves, R. G. L. Santos, R. M.M. Chaves, T.F. Briois, V. Pulcinelli, S. H. Martins, L. Santilli, C. V.," Sol-gel synthesis of nanocrystalline MgO and its application as support in Ni/MgO catalysts for ethanol steam reforming", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148744 (2021)
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