[1] Cao X, Dai X, Liu J (2016) Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade. Energy Build 128:198–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.06.089
[2] Lyu J, Yang Y, Lai D, et al (2025) Analysis of occupant thermal comfort and energy-saving potential based on cooling behaviors in residential buildings: A case study of Shanghai. Build Environ 275:112792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112792
[3] Chetouni A, Idrissi Kaitouni S, Jamil A (2025) Climate change impacts on future thermal energy demands and indoor comfort of a modular residential building across different climate zones. J Build Eng 102:111927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111927
[4] Qian G, Yan X, Sun Y, et al (2025) Research and application of phase change materials in building transparent envelopes. Energy Build 347:116302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116302
[5] Manz H (2008) On minimizing heat transport in architectural glazing. Renew Energy 33:119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.01.007
[6] Teixeira H, Rodrigues Moret A, Aelenei D, Gomes MG (2025) Literature review of solar control smart building glazing: Technologies, performance, and research insights. Build Environ 274:112784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112784
[7] Zavala-Guillén I, Barrera-Román D, Noh-Pat F, et al (2025) Thermal analysis of multi-layered glazed window under Mexican climate. Energy Build 329:115259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115259
[8] Onatayo D, Aggarwal R, Srinivasan RS, Shah B (2024) A data-driven approach to thermal transmittance (U-factor) calculation of double-glazed windows with or without inert gases between the panes. Energy Build 305:113907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.113907
[9] Arıcı M, Tükel M, Yıldız Ç, et al (2020) Is the thermal transmittance of air-filled inclined multi-glazing windows similar to that of vertical ones? Energy Build 229:110515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110515
[10] Tükel M, Mumcuoğlu K, Arıcı M, Karabay H (2019) Analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in multiple glazing roofs with a special emphasis on the thermal performance. Appl Therm Eng 148:694–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.089
[11] Kim T, Yan H, Park S, Song D (2026) Field-based assessment of cavity thickness variation and thermal performance degradation in double-glazed windows. Case Stud Constr Mater 24:e06106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06106
[12] Rahiminejad M, Khovalyg D (2022) Numerical and experimental study of the dynamic thermal resistance of ventilated air-spaces behind passive and active façades. Build Environ 225:109616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109616
[13] Magzoub M, Alhaji Mohammed M, Budaiwi IM, Al-Homoud MS (2024) Assessment of thermal performance of energy-active window systems in hot climates. Energy Build 318:114473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114473
[14] Pilechiha P, Bayat M, Ghasemi Nasab M (2021) Evaluation of effective factors on energy consumption in double-glazed windows using optimization approach. Archit Eng Res J. vol 15, no 47.
